Table 4 Risk factors for disability pension (DP) among patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for all-cause DP

 Men

Ref

Ref

 Women

1.11 (0.95–1.28)

1.21 (1.03–1.41)

 18–29

Ref

Ref

 30–49

1.28 (1.08–1.52)

1.32 (1.05–1.66)

 50–69

1.63 (1.34–1.98)

1.70 (1.32–2.19)

 Small municipality

1.01 (0.85–1.21)

1.08 (0.90–1.29)

 Medium-sized municipality

0.85 (0.72–1.01)

0.89 (0.75–1.07)

 Large city

Ref

 Ref

  ≤ 9 years

1.20 (0.98–1.46)

1.20 (0.97–1.49)

 10–12 years

1.12 (0.93–1.35)

1.09 (0.90–1.32)

  ≥ 13 years

Ref

Ref

 Married, living without children

Ref

Ref

 Married, living with children

0.96 (0.75–1.24)

1.03 (0.78–1.36)

 Unmarried, living without children

0.75 (0.59–0.96)

1.03 (0.79–1.34)

 Unmarried, living with children

0.64 (0.46–0.89)

0.66 (0.46–0.94)

  ≤ 20 years, living with parent/−s

0.93 (0.69–1.25)

1.90 (1.30–2.78)

 Sweden

Ref

Ref

 Other European country

1.30 (0.96–1.77)

1.32 (0.96–1.80)

 Other than Europe

1.59 (1.35–1.88)

1.55 (1.29–1.85)

 No

Ref

Ref

 Yes

3.17 (2.70–3.72)

3.26 (2.74–3.87)

 None

Ref

Ref

 1–179 days

1.04 (0.87–1.25)

1.24 (1.03–1.50)

  ≥ 180 days

1.11 (0.82–1.50)

1.24 (0.91–1.69)

 No

Ref

Ref

 Yes

1.06 (0.87–1.30)

1.01 (0.82–1.25)

 No

Ref

Ref

 Yes

0.92 (0.76–1.12)

0.91 (0.75–1.12)

 No

Ref

Ref

 Yes

1.46 (0.99–2.16)

1.58 (1.05–2.38)

 None

Ref

Ref

 Alcohol only

0.73 (0.47–1.12)

0.74 (0.47–1.15)

 Other/mixed

0.82 (0.56–1.21)

0.72 (0.48–1.07)

 No

Ref

Ref

 Yes

1.12 (0.81–1.54)

1.26 (0.90–1.78)

 No

Ref

Ref

 Yes

1.15 (0.86–1.55)

1.19 (0.87–1.63)

 0

Ref

Ref

 1

1.60 (1.18–2.17)

1.41 (1.03–1.92)

  ≥ 2

1.34 (0.69–2.59)

0.87 (0.45–1.69)