A meta-analysis of depressive symptoms among Ethiopian prisoners and a narrative description of its associated factors: a country based systematic review and meta-analysis study

Table 2 A subgroup analysis of the prevalence of depression among prisoners in Ethiopia based on random effect analysis

Subgroup		Number of studies	Estimates		Heterogeneity
Subgroup		Number of studies	Prevalence (%)	95% CI	I²	Q(DF)	p-value
Region	Amhara	3	44.43	43.36, 45.550	98.6%	139.17(2)	P < 0.001
	Oromia	2	41.9	41.73, 42.07	0%	0% (1)	P = 1.00
	Southern part	2	72.7	40.75, 104.65	99.8%	3420(1)	P < 0.001
	Addis Ababa	2	59.05	44.45, 73.65	99. 2%	1246.23(1)	P < 0.001
Tools	PHQ-9	5	51.24	42.23, 60.25	98.8%	921.57(4)	P < 0.001
Tools	BDI-II	4	56.15	29.09, 83.11	99.6%	1742.86 (3)	P < 0.001
Sample	< 350	6	54.13	35.66, 72.60	99.2%	1242.12 (5)	P < 0.001
Sample	≥ 350	3	51.93	38.08, 65.78	98.8%	935.75(2)	P < 0.001
Sampling technique	Simple random	4	53.1	42.23, 63.97	99%	1150.75(3)	P < 0.001
Sampling technique	Systematic and multi-stage	5	53.64	33.15, 74.13	99.4%	1624.13(4)	P < 0.001

Key: BDI II Beck depression inventory II, DF Degree of Freedom, PHQ-9 Patient Health Questionnaire-9

ISSN: 1471-244X