Table 3 Multiple logistic regression model of the determinants of DS
| Â | Crude | Adjusteda | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | p-value | 95% CI | OR | p-value | 95% CI | |
Age group (in years) | ||||||
 60–69 | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
 70–79 | 1.09 | 0.709 | 0.69–1.70 | 0.91 | 0.704 | 0.55–1.50 |
  > = 80 | 1.76 | 0.028 | 1.06–2.93 | 1.38 | 0.229 | 0.82–2.33 |
Gender | ||||||
 Male | 1.00 |  |  |  |  |  |
 Female | 1.70 | 0.000 | 1.37–2.11 | 1.61 | 0.000 | 1.25–2.09 |
District | ||||||
Morang | 1.00 | Â | Â | 1.00 | Â | Â |
Sunsari | 1.59 | 0.220 | 0.80–3.31 | 1.07 | 0.891 | 0.43–2.67 |
Religion | ||||||
 Hinduism | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
 Buddhism | 1.78 | 0.000 | 1.60–1.98 | 1.95 | 0.000 | 1.58–2.42 |
 Islam | 1.13 | 0.499 | 0.79–1.62 | 1.01 | 0.968 | 0.55–1.87 |
 Christianity | 0.92 | 0.623 | 0.67–1.27 | 1.22 | 0.198 | 0.90–1.65 |
Ethnicity | ||||||
Brahmin/Chettri/Thakur | 1.00 | Â | Â | 1.00 | Â | Â |
Aadiwasi/Janjatis | 1.85 | 0.058 | 0.98–3.49 | 1.80 | 0.131 | 0.84–3.85 |
Dalit | 2.80 | 0.002 | 1.47–5.35 | 2.60 | 0.016 | 1.19–5.65 |
Madheshi and other ethnic groups | 2.04 | 0.005 | 1.23–3.37 | 1.82 | 0.127 | 0.84–3.93 |
Marital status | ||||||
 Married | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
1Others | 1.63 | 0.001 | 1.24–2.15 | 1.16 | 0.151 | 0.95–1.41 |
Literacy | ||||||
 Literate | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
 Illiterate | 1.67 | 0.041 | 1.02–2.72 | 1.38 | 0.176 | 0.86–2.21 |
Occupation | ||||||
 Employed | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
 Unemployed | 2.28 | 0.000 | 1.76–2.97 | 2.05 | 0.000 | 1.47–2.87 |
2Income | ||||||
 Nrs. >  10,000 | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
 Nrs. 5000 < = 10,000 | 1.71 | 0.014 | 1.11–2.62 | 1.77 | 0.025 | 1.07–2.92 |
 Nrs. <= 5000 | 1.43 | 0.036 | 1.02–2.01 | 1.41 | 0.077 | 0.96–2.08 |
Smoking habit | ||||||
 Never tobacco user | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
 Having tobacco use history | 1.39 | 0.040 | 1.02–1.92 | 1.49 | 0.047 | 1.01–2.20 |
Tobacco chewing habit | ||||||
 Never tobacco chewer | 1.00 |  |  | Not taken in the model | ||
 Having tobacco chewing history | 0.94 | 0.640 | 0.74–1.20 |  |  |  |
Alcohol drinking habit | ||||||
 Never drinker | 1.00 |  |  | Not taken in the model | ||
 Having alcohol drinking history | 0.94 | 0.596 | 0.77–1.17 |  |  |  |
Physical activity | ||||||
 No physical exercise at all | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
 Daily physical exercise | 1.48 | 0.234 | 0.78–2.82 | 0.96 | 0.894 | 0.53–1.73 |
Multi-morbidity | ||||||
 No | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
 Yes | 1.73 | 0.009 | 1.14–2.61 | 1.67 | 0.018 | 1.09–2.55 |