Table 1 The baseline characteristics of the stroke patients
From: The validity and reliability of the PHQ-9 in screening for post-stroke depression
Variables | Normal (N = 92) | PSD (N = 23) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Demographic-related | |||
Agea | 64.7 (9.5) | 64.6 (12.2) | 0.960 |
Genderb | Â | Â | 0.092 |
• Male | 54 (58.7) | 9 (39.1) |  |
• Female | 38 (41.3) | 14 (60.9) |  |
Education levelb | Â | Â | 0.430 |
• Primary school | 42 (45.7) | 13 (56.6) |  |
• Secondary school | 26 (28.3) | 5 (21.7) |  |
• Bachelor degree and higher | 24 (26.0) | 5 (21.7) |  |
Comorbid illnessb | |||
• Hypertension | 77 (83.7) | 21 (91.3) | 0.518 |
• Dyslipidemia | 53 (57.6) | 17 (73.9) | 0.152 |
• Diabetes mellitus | 37 (40.2) | 12 (52.2) | 0.300 |
• Smoking | 21 (22.8) | 4 (17.4) | 0.572 |
• Heart disease | 19 (20.7) | 6 (26.1) | 0.572 |
Duration of strokeb | Â | Â | 0.293 |
• ≤ 3 months | 58 (63.0) | 16 (69.6) |  |
• 3–6 months | 14 (15.2) | 5 (21.7) |  |
• > 6 months | 20 (21.7) | 2 (8.7) |  |
Pathology of strokeb | Â | Â | 0.561 |
• Infarction | 74 (80.4) | 20 (87.0) |  |
• Hemorrhage | 18 (19.6) | 3 (13.0) |  |
Side of weaknessb | Â | Â | 0.339 |
• Left | 54 (58.7) | 16 (69.6) |  |
• Right | 38 (41.3) | 7 (30.4) |  |
Settingb | Â | Â | 0.793 |
• Inpatient | 60 (65.2) | 15 (65.2) |  |
• Outpatient | 32 (34.8) | 8 (34.8) |  |
Disability-related | |||
Modified Rankin Scaleb | Â | Â | 0.036* |
• 1 | 7 (7.6) | 2 (8.7) |  |
• 2 | 16 (17.4) | 0 (0.0) |  |
• 3 | 18 (19.6) | 3 (13.0) |  |
• 4 | 50 (54.3) | 15 (65.2) |  |
• 5 | 1 (1.1) | 3 (13.0) |  |
Depression-related | Â | Â | Â |
Median PHQ-9 scorec | 4.0 (0.5, 5.75) | 10.0 (7.0, 15.0) | < 0.001* |