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Table 2 Correlation between the age-standardized suicide ratio and the prevalence of concomitant diseases* across occupations among male workers deceased by suicide (SNC, 1990–2014)

From: Prevalence of somatic and psychiatric morbidity across occupations in Switzerland and its correlation with suicide mortality: results from the Swiss National Cohort (1990–2014)

Occupationa

Nb of suicide

Risk of suicide

Malignant neoplasms

Mental and behavioural disorders

Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue

Substance-related and addictive disorders

Schizophrenia Spectrum and other psychotic disorders

Mood disorders

Anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and related disorders

11. Legislators and senior officials

36

0.55

(0.39–0.76)

8.33

(2.40–20.60)

13.89

(5.50–27.80)

0.00

(0.00–6.69)

0.00

(0.00–6.69)

2.78

(0.30–12.26)

11.11

(3.87–24.29)

0.00

(0.00–6.69)

23. Teaching professionals

165

0.65

(0.56–0.76)

4.85

(2.33–9.42)

34.55

(27.71–42.09)

0.00

(0.00–2.74)

3.03

(1.11–7.09)

8.48

(5.02–13.84)

25.45

(19.40–32.63)

0.00

(0.00–2.74)

21. Physical, mathematical and engineering science professionals

497

0.76

(0.69–0.83)

4.23

(2.75–6.41)

31.79

(27.85–36.01)

0.00

(0.00–0.92)

6.04

(4.23–8.51)

5.03

(3.40–7.35)

22.13

(18.70–25.99)

0.00

(0.00–0.92)

12. Corporate managers

775

0.76

(0.71–0.82)

3.74

(2.60–5.34)

26.84

(23.84–30.07)

0.26

(0.01–1.00)

6.19

(4.69–8.13)

3.74

(2.60–5.34)

18.97

(16.36–21.88)

0.00

(0.00–0.59)

31. Physical and engineering science associate professionals

495

0.78

(0.71–0.85)

4.44

(2.92–6.67)

32.32

(28.35–36.57)

0.40

(0.01–1.56)

8.08

(5.97–10.84)

4.44

(2.92–6.67)

21.41

(18.02–25.25)

0.00

(0.00–0.93)

33. Teaching associate professionals

121

0.84

(0.70–1.00)

5.79

(2.63–11.66)

42.98

(34.50–51.88)

0.00

(0.00–3.70)

7.44

(3.79–13.70)

4.13

(1.53–9.56)

30.58

(23.05–39.30)

0.83

(0.00–4.99)

1. Soldiers

12

0.85

(0.44–1.48)

0.00

(0.00–18.53)

41.67

(18.05–68.81)

0.00

(0.00–18.53)

0.00

(0.00–18.53)

0.00

(0.00–18.53)

33.33

(12.45–61.24)

0.00

(0.00–18.53)

13. Managers of small enterprises

158

0.85

(0.72–0.99)

5.06

(2.43–9.83)

27.85

(21.43–35.32)

1.27

(0.05–4.79)

6.96

(3.81–12.16)

1.90

(0.40–5.69)

23.42

(17.46–30.63)

0.00

(0.00–2.86)

24. Other professionals

391

0.86

(0.78–0.95)

6.65

(4.54–9.60)

36.57

(31.95–41.46)

0.26

(0.00–1.58)

9.46

(6.92–12.80)

5.88

(3.91–8.71)

23.79

(19.83–28.26)

0.77

(0.15–2.34)

80. Plant and machine operators and assemblers

31

0.88

(0.62–1.26)

6.45

(1.36–19.12)

38.71

(23.19–56.23)

3.23

(0.35–14.10)

9.68

(2.80–23.63)

0.00

(0.00–7.72)

32.26

(17.94–49.71)

0.00

(0.00–7.72)

91. Sales and services elementary occupations

158

0.89

(0.76–1.04)

1.90

(0.40–5.69)

34.18

(27.23–41.88)

0.63

(0.00–3.86)

7.59

(4.28–12.92)

5.70

(2.88–10.61)

19.62

(14.14–26.54)

3.16

(1.16–7.39)

52. Models, salespersons and demonstrators

219

0.91

(0.80–1.04)

3.20

(1.43–6.58)

29.68

(24.01–36.05)

0.00

(0.00–2.08)

7.76

(4.83–12.15)

2.28

(0.83–5.38)

22.37

(17.34–28.36)

0.46

(0.00–2.80)

10. Legislators, senior officials and managers

90

0.95

(0.77–1.17)

7.78

(3.57–15.44)

31.11

(22.46–41.31)

1.11

(0.00–6.63)

4.44

(1.39–11.23)

0.00

(0.00–4.91)

28.89

(20.50–39.00)

0.00

(0.00–4.91)

22. Life science and health professionals

138

0.95

(0.81–1.13)

4.35

(1.81–9.36)

26.09

(19.45–34.02)

0.00

(0.00–3.26)

4.35

(1.81–9.36)

2.90

(0.88–7.47)

17.39

(11.91–24.63)

1.45

(0.07–5.46)

72. Metal, machinery and related trades workers

944

0.96

(0.90–1.02)

2.33

(1.53–3.52)

36.12

(33.12–39.24)

0.42

(0.12–1.13)

9.22

(7.53–11.24)

6.99

(5.52–8.81)

21.19

(18.70–23.91)

0.95

(0.47–1.83)

71. Extraction and building trades workers

1022

0.96

(0.91–1.02)

1.96

(1.25–3.02)

32.97

(30.16–35.92)

0.78

(0.37–1.57)

11.06

(9.27–13.13)

4.79

(3.63–6.29)

19.86

(17.53–22.42)

0.59

(0.24–1.31)

82. Machine operators and assemblers

262

0.97

(0.86–1.09)

3.05 (1.45–6.01)

37.40

(31.76–43.41)

1.91

(0.69–4.52)

9.92

(6.82–14.19)

5.34

(3.14–8.84)

23.28

(18.56–28.78)

1.15

(0.23–3.47)

34. Other associate professionals

1012

1.00

(0.94–1.07)

3.36

(2.40–4.67)

30.24

(27.49–33.14)

0.59

(0.24–1.32)

6.42

(5.06–8.11)

4.05

(2.99–5.46)

21.25

(18.83–23.87)

0.40

(0.11–1.05)

74. Other craft and related trades workers

380

1.01

(0.91–1.11)

1.84

(0.82–3.83)

32.11

(27.61–36.96)

1.58

(0.64–3.49)

11.58

(8.72–15.21)

4.74

(2.97–7.41)

18.16

(14.59–22.36)

0.53

(0.02–2.03)

42. Customer services clerks

136

1.02

(0.86–1.20)

2.21

(0.46–6.57)

37.50

(29.80–45.88)

0.00

(0.00–3.30)

6.62

(3.36–12.26)

7.35

(3.90–13.15)

25.74

(19.10–33.71)

0.00

(0.00–3.30)

51. Personal and protective services workers

544

1.02

(0.94–1.11)

3.13

(1.92–4.98)

34.01

(30.15–38.09)

0.74

(0.21–1.95)

9.19

(7.02–11.93)

5.88

(4.17–8.21)

20.77

(17.57–24.39)

0.37

(0.01–1.42)

73. Precision, handicraft, craft printing & related trade workers

150

1.03

(0.88–1.21)

2.67

(0.81–6.89)

36.67

(29.37–44.63)

0.00

(0.00–3.00)

6.67

(3.52–11.97)

3.33

(1.22–7.77)

26.00

(19.62–33.58)

1.33

(0.06–5.04)

93. Labourers in mining, construction, manufacturing & transport

860

1.06

(0.99–1.13)

1.51

(0.86–2.60)

32.21

(29.17–35.41)

0.23

(0.01–0.90)

11.40

(9.43–13.70)

9.30

(7.53–11.44)

13.72

(11.58–16.19)

0.35

(0.07–1.07)

41. Office clerks

677

1.08

(1.00–1.17)

2.36

(1.43–3.83)

32.05

(28.65–35.66)

0.59

(0.17–1.57)

8.71

(6.80–11.09)

6.06

(4.48–8.13)

19.05

(16.27–22.19)

0.44

(0.09–1.36)

83. Drivers and mobile plant operators

514

1.11

(1.02–1.21)

1.75

(0.87–3.35)

32.68

(28.77–36.86)

0.58

(0.11–1.79)

9.34

(7.10–12.18)

4.86

(3.29–7.11)

20.04

(16.80–23.72)

0.19

(0.00–1.21)

32. Life science and health associate professionals

108

1.12

(0.93–1.36)

4.63

(1.72–10.65)

37.04

(28.51–46.45)

0.00

(0.00–4.13)

12.04

(7.04–19.64)

3.70

(1.14–9.44)

24.07

(16.94–32.99)

0.00

(0.00–4.13)

61. Skilled agricultural and fishery workers

575

1.13

(1.04–1.22)

1.91

(1.03–3.44)

40.70

(36.75–44.76)

2.09

(1.16–3.65)

6.96

(5.13–9.35)

6.61

(4.83–8.96)

28.17

(24.65–31.99)

0.52

(0.10–1.60)

81. Stationary plant and related operators

59

1.23

(0.96–1.59)

1.69

(0.00–9.85)

42.37

(30.60–55.07)

0.00

(0.00–7.31)

8.47

(3.27–18.75)

6.78

(2.20–16.64)

25.42

(15.96–37.89)

0.00

(0.00–7.31)

92. Agricultural, fishery and related labourers

35

1.42

(1.02–1.98)

0.00

(0.00–6.88)

48.57

(32.68–64.69)

0.00

(0.00–6.88)

22.86

(11.44–38.55)

8.57

(2.47–21.14)

25.71

(13.55–41.71)

0.00

(0.00–6.88)

Spearman’s correlation with Holm-Bonferroni

correction (p-value < 0.01**, < 0.05*)

− 0.54*

0.36

0.10

0.63**

0.51*

−0.07

0.16

  1. *Only diseases, which prevalence varied statistically significantly across occupations are presented. For each disease, the prevalence is reported with associated 95%-confidence interval (95%-CI)
  2. aOccupations are coded based on the 2-digit International Standard Classification of Occupations, version 88 and limited to those with at least 10 observed suicides; Occupations are sorted by increasing risk of suicide, reported as the age-standardized suicide ratio (SMR) and associated 95%-CI