Table 1 Demographic characteristics, mental health and recalled parental rearing behavior: 1st generation immigrants vs. non-immigrants in the Gutenberg Health Study
|  | 1st generation Immigrants (n=743) | Non-Immigrants (n=6,518) | χ²/t | p/d |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sociodemographic | ||||
Gender (women) | 52.9 % | 48.5 % | 5.1 | .022 |
Age | 57.4 (10.1) | 60.3 (10.7) | 7.5 | < .0001 |
SES | 12.31 (4.25) | 12.73 (4.48) | 2.3 | .021;d=.09 |
Unemployment (yes) | 3.9 % | 1.0 % | 40.2 | < .0001 |
Partnership (yes) | 86.3 % | 85.9 % | .04 | .83 |
Mental heath | ||||
Depressiveness PHQ-9 | 5.38 (4.12) | 4.23 (3.57) | -6.9 | < .0001;d=.32 |
Parental rearing behavior | ||||
Maternal Rejection & Punishment | 0.33 (0.50) | 0.28 (0.45) | -.2.3 | .020;d=.11 |
Maternal Control & Overprotection | 0.73 (0.65) | 0.55 (0.56) | -6.6 | < .0001;d=.32 |
Maternal Emotional Warmth | 1.34 (0.75) | 1.34 (0.70) | -.04 | .97 |
Paternal Rejection & Punishment | 0.30 (0.47) | 0.29 (0.46) | -.28 | .77 |
Paternal Control & Overprotection | 0.58 (0.59) | 0.42 (0.50) | -.6.2 | < .0001;d=.31 |
Paternal Emotional Warmth | 1.06 (0.75) | 0.98 (0.72) | -.2.5 | .0099;d=.11 |