Relationship between parenting measures and parents and child psychopathological symptoms: a cross-sectional study

Table 5 Mediation model, indirect (mediated) effects

Effect			β coefficient (CI)	SE	z	p
I.V.	Mediator	D.V.	β coefficient (CI)	SE	z	p
Mother - Internalizing	Affirmation	Child - Internalizing	−0.009 (− 0.044; 0.018)	0.014	− 0.584	0.560
	Discipline		0.002 (−0.015; 0.025)	0.010	0.191	0.849
	Rules		0.015 (−0.014; 0.047)	0.015	0.946	0.344
	Special Allow.		0.011 (−0.010; 0.039)	0.012	0.920	0.358
Mother - Externalizing	Affirmation		−0.004 (− 0.032; 0.008)	0.010	− 0.428	0.669
	Discipline		−0.001 (− 0.022; 0.013)	0.008	− 0.146	0.884
	Rules		0.028 (0.001; 0.085)	0.021	1.454	0.146
	Special Allow.		−0.004 (−0.029; 0.023)	0.012	−0.335	0.738
Father - Internalizing	Affirmation		0.002 (−0.012; 0.021)	0.008	0.200	0.841
	Discipline		0.001 (−0.010; 0.011)	0.005	0.041	0.967
	Rules		−0.012 (− 0.045; 0.0140)	0.014	− 0.859	0.390
	Special Allow.		0.021 (−0.020; 0.056)	0.015	1.412	0.158
Father - Externalizing	Affirmation		−0.008 (− 0.050; 0.016)	0.015	− 0.557	0.578
	Discipline		−0.001 (− 0.013; 0.010)	0.005	− 0.061	0.951
	Rules		0.017 (−0.010; 0.057)	0.016	1.156	0.248
	Special Allow.		−0.018 (− 0.052; 0.001)	0.014	−1.399	0.162

Parenting style mediating parents’ internalizing and externalizing psychopathology (I.V.) and child’s internalizing psychopathology (D.V.). Covariates: gender, SES, children’s age and parent’s age. I.V.: Independent Variable; D.V. Dependent Variable, SES Socio-Economic Status, Special Allow. Special Allowances, CI confidence interval, SE Standard Error, z Goodman Test value, p probability value