Variable | Group | Comparison | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Patients (N = 183) Mean ± SD | Controls (N = 315) Mean ± SD | Test statistics | Effect size, d | p-valuea | |
Resilience (BRS score) | 2.78 ± 0.85 ↓ | 3.76 ± 0.66 | Z = -11.84 | −1.33 | < 0.001 |
Stress (PSS score) | 9.53 ± 3.61 ↑ | 4.73 ± 2.50 | Z = -13.47 | 1.62 | < 0.001 |
SAM Rating | |||||
Neutral pictures | |||||
Valence | 5.09 ± 1.06 ↓ | 5.65 ± 1.21 | Z = -4.696 | − 0.48 | < 0.001 |
Arousal | 4.13 ± 1.31 ↑ | 3.38 ± 1.23 | Z = 5.848 | 0.60 | < 0.001 |
Dominance | 4.78 ± 1.08 ↓ | 5.13 ± 1.35 | Z = -2.312 | − 0.15 | 0.021 |
Alpine pictures | |||||
Valence | 6.99 ± 1.68 ↓ | 7.85 ± 1.12 | Z = -5.661 | −0.64 | < 0.001 |
Arousal | 5.01 ± 1.76 | 5.17 ± 1.94 | Z = -1.218 | − 0.09 | 0.223 |
Dominance | 5.85 ± 1.52 ↓ | 6.42 ± 1.58 | Z = -3.655 | −0.37 | < 0.001 |
Attraction | 6.62 ± 2.10 ↓ | 7.52 ± 1.48 | Z = -4.106 | −0.52 | < 0.001 |
Comparison (Alpine>Neutral) | |||||
Valence | 1.91 ± 1.80 *** | 2.19 ± 1.42 *** | Z = -1.466 | −0.18 | 0.143 |
Arousal | 0.87 ± 2.11 ↓** | 1.79 ± 1.91 *** | Z = -4.741 | −0.46 | < 0.001 |
Dominance | 1.09 ± 1.61 *** | 1.29 ± 1.67 *** | Z = -1.465 | −0.12 | 0.143 |