Table 4 the Results

Eman S. Soliman

116 patients and their caregivers.

Severity of symptoms

(did not specify)

Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS)

There is a statistically significant difference between group A patients, who received PCSPP, and group B patients, who received TAU, as regards positive, negative, general psychopathology symptoms, and total scores, with a higher score toward TAU.

Quality of life

(did not specify)

World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire-short version (WHOQoL-BREF) (Arabic version) M4

There is a statistically significant difference between group A and group B regarding question 1, question 2, domain 1 (physical), domain 2 (psychological), domain 3 (social relation), and domain 4 (environment) measured by WHOQoL scale, with a higher score in patients who received PCSPP.

Hisham Rami

60 patients and their caregivers

The rate of improvement of clinical variables (primary)

The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS)

A statistically significant difference (p < .05) between pre- and post-treatment scores in patients with schizophrenia in the case group receiving the BFPEP on the PANSS.

Social functions

(primary)

The Social Functioning Questionnaire (SFQ)

A statistically significant difference (p < .05) between pre- and post-treatment scores in patients with schizophrenia in the case group receiving the BFPEP on the SFQ and all of their subscales, indicating better social functioning at post-treatment.

The adherence to medications

(primary)

Drug Attitude Inventory (DAI) (Hogan, Awad & Eastwood, 1983)

Found a statistically significant difference (p < .05) between patients with schizophrenia in the case group receiving the BFPEP and patients with schizophrenia in the control group receiving STU regarding intervention outcome measures on the DAI10 indicating better drug attitude.

Quality of life of the patients

(primary)

Quality of Life scale (QLS) (Heinrichs, Hanlon & Carpenter, 1984)

Better quality of life at post-treatment in the intervention group receiving the BFPEP compared to STU.

El-Shafei

30 patients and their caregivers

Clinical condition

(did not specify)

Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS)

(Kay, et al., 1987).

A significant improvement in the total PANSS occurred in patients in the intervention and not the control group over time.

The level of social functioning

(did not specify)

Social Functioning Questionnaire (SFQ)

(Clifford 1987)

Statistically, significant improvement was detected in the social functioning of patients in the case group compared to controls over time both on Total SFQ.

Medication compliance

(did not specify)

The Drug Attitude Inventory (DAI) (Awad, 1993)

A significant improvement in compliance and attitude towards psychotropic medications when using these measures as compared to controls.

Abd Alhadi Hasan

112 dyads of patients and their caregivers

Knowledge of schizophrenia

(primary)

Knowledge about Schizophrenia Questionnaire (KASQ)

Participants in the intervention group had statistically significant improvements in KASQ scores at post-treatment and three-month follow-up.

schizophrenia symptoms

(secondary)

Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for PDWs

PANSS scores show that intervention was associated with a reduction in symptom severity at post-treatment and three-month follow-up.

Family Burden of Care and quality of life

(secondary)

Family Burden Interview Scale (FBIS)

Schizophrenics’ Carers’ Quality of Life Scale (S-CQoL)

The group and time effect were statistically significant for all primary caregiver outcomes over different follow-up times.

Ahmed E & Ghaith H (2018)

50 caregivers

Burden

(did not specify)

Caregiver Burden Scale

Statistically significant differences between both groups regarding total caregivers’ burden and also caregivers’ burden subitems (P < 0.05).

Attitude

(did not specify)

Opinions about Mental Illness Scale (OMI)

Statistically significant differences between both groups regarding total OMI and also OMI subitems (P < 0.05).