Table 4 Descriptive statistics regarding the different outcomes at baseline, during the intervention and at follow-up; Cohen’s d coefficients; AR (1) models b coefficients

Activity’s

T0

5.13

1.64

meaning

T1

5.53

1.24

1.66*

110

0.28

−0.04

0.60

0.32

T3

5.06

1.46

− 0.23

112

−0.04

− 0.41

0.33

− 0.23

Motivation

T0

4.77

1.34

T1

4.57

1.33

−0.92

135

−0.15

− 0.47

0.17

0.24

T3

4.84

1.17

0.30

112

0.05

−0.32

0.43

0.21

Effort

T0

4.44

2.13

T1

5.56

1.43

3.69****

101

0.64

0.32

0.97

0.82**

T3

3.98

2.40

−1.07

101

−0.20

−0.58

0.17

−0.74

Energy

T0

4.48

1.53

T1

4.82

1.20

1.48

113

0.25

−0.07

0.57

0.39

T3

5.08

1.26

2.28**

113

0.42

0.04

0.79

0.46

Mood

T0

5.13

1.73

T1

4.55

1.97

−1.95*

146

−0.31

−0.63

0.01

−0.39

T3

6.33

0.86

4.87****

97

0.85

0.47

1.24

1.19****

Confidence

T0

5.08

1.38

T1

4.74

1.31

−1.56

130

−0.26

−0.58

0.07

−0.08

T3

5.76

0.71

3.44****

98

0.60

0.22

0.98

0.64***

Savouring

T0

4.29

1.12

T1

4.53

1.02

1.41

127

0.23

−0.09

0.55

0.40*

T3

4.78

0.67

2.91***

106

0.52

0.14

0.90

0.44**

Steps

T0

4949

1800

T1

3846

2492

−1.91*

36

−0.47

−1.06

0.11

− 616.78

T3

3926

1699

−1.65

30

−0.58

−1.32

0.15

− 755.84

Mean

SD

t

df

d

CI lower

CI upper

b

Activity’s

T0

4.50

1.70

meaning

T1

4.30

1.72

−0.65

78

−0.12

−0.48

0.25

−0.3966

T3

4.57

1.48

0.18

67

0.04

−0.44

0.52

−0.02

Motivation

T0

4.57

0.82

T1

4.32

0.74

−1.73*

71

−0.33

−0.70

0.03

−0.26*

T3

4.30

0.64

−1.57

69

−0.36

−0.84

0.12

−0.30

Effort

T0

2.76

2.03

T1

3.04

1.91

0.76

73

0.14

−0.22

0.51

0.28

T3

4.20

1.69

3.27***

68

0.76

0.26

1.25

0.76

Energy

T0

4.50

1.21

T1

4.22

0.94

−1.31

63

−0.27

−0.63

0.10

−0.34

T3

4.77

0.43

1.31

54

0.27

−0.20

0.75

0.17

Mood

T0

4.00

0.91

T1

3.52

1.00

−2.77***

85

−0.49

−0.86

−0.12

−0.41*

T3

3.87

1.14

−0.53

54

−0.13

−0.61

0.35

−0.10

Confidence

T0

4.31

0.90

T1

4.52

0.84

1.30

73

0.25

−0.12

0.61

−0.01

T3

4.40

0.77

0.46

68

0.11

−0.37

0.58

−0.25

Savouring

T0

4.24

0.54

T1

3.86

0.59

−3.65****

83

−0.65

−1.03

−0.28

−0.24

T3

4.16

0.62

−0.43

58

−0.14

−0.62

0.33

−0.06

Steps

T0

10,904

7518

T1

11,167

6397

0.13

21

0.04

−0.52

0.60

1129

T3

12,959

9407

0.62

21

0.25

−0.54

1.03

3488

Mean

SD

t

df

d

CI lower

CI upper

b

Activity’s

T0

3.39

1.97

meaning

T1

4.22

1.12

2.36**

51

0.55

0.14

0.96

0.92*

T3

Motivation

T0

4.04

1.19

T1

3.81

0.91

−1.03

62

−0.23

−0.63

0.18

0.09

T3

Effort

T0

3.61

1.76

T1

4.37

1.34

2.31**

62

0.51

0.09

0.92

0.43

T3

Energy

T0

3.21

1.28

T1

3.57

1.12

1.44

70

0.30

−0.10

0.71

0.34

T3

Mood

T0

1.79

1.28

T1

1.78

0.86

−0.02

57

0.00

−0.41

0.40

0.35

T3

Confidence

T0

3.61

1.03

T1

3.48

0.95

−0.63

73

−0.13

−0.54

0.27

0.02

T3

Savouring

T0

2.20

1.03

T1

2.30

0.78

0.52

62

0.11

−0.29

0.52

0.45*

T3

Steps

T0

1819

1303

T1

4267

2800

2.71**

13

1.20

0.33

2.07

2270*

T3