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Table 4 Adverse events (incidence: ≥ 2%)

From: Long-term melatonin treatment for the sleep problems and aberrant behaviors of children with neurodevelopmental disorders

 

Medication phase I

Medication phase II

N = 99

N = 97

Episodes, n

Cases, n (%)

Episodes, n

Cases, n (%)

 

133

59 (59.6)

166

66 (68.0)

Infections and infestations

56

39 (39.4)

72

48 (49.5)

 Bronchitis

3

3 (3.0)

1

1 (1.0)

 Gastroenteritis

5

5 (5.1)

6

5 (5.2)

 Influenza

4

4 (4.0)

9

9 (9.3)

 Nasopharyngitis

22

17 (17.2)

34

23 (23.7)

 Otitis media

1

1 (1.0)

2

2 (2.1)

 Pharyngitis

5

5 (5.1)

9

8 (8.2)

Upper respiratory tract infection

5

5 (5.1)

3

3 (3.1)

Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified

0

0 (0.0)

2

2 (2.1)

 Skin papilloma

0

0 (0.0)

2

2 (2.1)

Immune system disorders

2

2 (2.0)

2

2 (2.1)

 Hypersensitivity

2

2 (2.0)

0

0 (0.0)

 Seasonal allergy

0

0 (0.0)

2

2 (2.1)

Metabolism and nutrition disorders

4

4 (4.0)

0

0 (0.0)

 Decreased appetite

2

2 (2.0)

0

0 (0.0)

Psychiatric disorders

4

4 (4.0)

7

7 (7.2)

 Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

0

0 (0.0)

2

2 (2.1)

 Irritability

0

0 (0.0)

3

3 (3.1)

Nervous system disorders

6

5 (5.1)

10

9 (9.3)

 Headache

4

3 (3.0)

4

3 (3.1)

 Somnolence

2

2 (2.0)

4

4 (4.1)

Respiratory, thoracic, and mediastinal disorders

10

8 (8.1)

10

6 (6.2)

 Epistaxis

3

1 (1.0)

5

2 (2.1)

 Rhinitis allergic

2

2 (2.0)

2

2 (2.1)

 Upper respiratory tract inflammation

3

3 (3.0)

1

1 (1.0)

Gastrointestinal disorders

22

15 (15.2)

25

12 (12.4)

 Abdominal pain

6

4 (4.0)

0

0 (0.0)

 Constipation

3

3 (3.0)

3

3 (3.1)

 Enterocolitis

2

2 (2.0)

0

0 (0.0)

 Nausea

2

2 (2.0)

0

0 (0.0)

 Stomatitis

3

3 (3.0)

4

3 (3.1)

 Vomiting

3

3 (3.0)

9

3 (3.1)

Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders

10

7 (7.1)

12

8 (8.2)

 Dermatitis

0

0 (0.0)

2

2 (2.1)

 Eczema

1

1 (1.0)

2

2 (2.1)

 Rash

2

2 (2.0)

0

0 (0.0)

 Urticaria

2

1 (1.0)

3

2 (2.1)

Renal and urinary disorders

2

2 (2.0)

0

0 (0.0)

 Proteinuria

2

2 (2.0)

0

0 (0.0)

General disorders and administration site conditions

3

3 (3.0)

3

3 (3.1)

 Pyrexia

2

2 (2.0)

1

1 (1.0)

Investigations

7

5 (5.1)

2

2 (2.1)

 Weight increased

0

0 (0.0)

2

2 (2.1)

 Urobilinogen urine

2

2 (2.0)

0

0 (0.0)

Injury, poisoning and procedural complications

5

5 (5.1)

14

12 (12.4)

 Arthropod sting

0

0 (0.0)

4

4(4.1)

 Contusion

2

2 (2.0)

5

5(5.2)

 Wound

1

1 (1.0)

3

3(3.1)