Table 3 Bivariate associations assessed between pedestrian crash hospitalization and potential variables investigated in case-control study, East Azerbaijan, Iran
From: Adult ADHD screening scores and hospitalization due to pedestrian injuries: a case-control study
Comparison groups | Cases (n = 177) | Controls (n = 177) | Crude odds ratios (OR) | 95% Confidence Interval |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | N(%)/ Mean (SD) | N(%)/ Mean (SD) | ||
Marital status | ||||
 Single (RGa) | 41 (23.2) | 39 (22.0) |  |  |
 Married | 136 (76.8) | 138 (78.0) | 0.93 | 0.56–1.54 |
Education level | ||||
 Illiterate and elementary (ISCED levels < 2) | 89 (50.3) | 34 (19.2) |  |  |
 Middle school & high school (ISCED levels 2,3 & 4) | 68 (38.4) | 93 (52.5) | 0.27 | 0.16–0.46 |
 Associate degree (ISCED level 5) | 15 (8.5) | 19 (10.7) | 0.30 | 0.13–0.66 |
 Bachelor and master degrees (ISCED levels 6 & 7) | 5 (2.8) | 31 (17.5) | 0.06 | 0.02–0.17 |
Job | ||||
 Farmer (RG) | 10 (5.6) | 9 (5.1) |  |  |
 Worker | 39 (22.0) | 13 (7.3) | 2.7 | 0.90–8.09 |
 Self-employed | 128 (72.3) | 155 (87.6) | 0.74 | 0.29–1.88 |
Average walking time during day light (hours) | 2.91 (2.24) | 1.86 (1.79) | 1.31 | 1.16–1.47 |
Average walking at night (hours) | 0.31 (0.64) | 0.18 (0.47) | 1.57 | 1.03–2.39 |
Self-rated expenditure capacity | 12.8 (3.5) | 9.98 (4.1) | 0.82 | 0.78–0.88 |
Household income | ||||
  < 161USD (RG) | 78 (44.3) | 28 (15.8) |  |  |
 161–321 USD | 80 (45.5) | 88 (49.7) | 0.32 | 0.19–0.55 |
 321–482 USD | 12 (6.8) | 39 (22.0) | 0.11 | 0.05–0.24 |
 482 > USD | 6 (3.4) | 22 (12.4) | 0.09 | 0.03–0.26 |
 Age | 40.05 (14.21) | 39.34 (13.54) | 1.003 | 0.98–1.01 |
Smoking | ||||
 None-smoking (RG) | 106 (59.9) | 136 (76.8) |  |  |
 5–9 per days | 48 (27.1) | 23 (13.0) | 2.67 | 1.53–4.67 |
 10–15 per days | 23 (13.0) | 18 (10.2) | 1.63 | 0.84–3.19 |
ADHD subscalesb | ||||
 Attention deficit subscale | 5.58 (3.87) | 4.87 (3.62) | 1.05 | 0.99–1.11 |
 Hyperactivity-impulsivity subscale | 7.83 (3.84) | 6.75 (3.58) | 1.08 | 1.02–1.14 |
 ADHD index | 9.58 (5.12) | 8.43 (4.63) | 1.04 | 1.004–1.09 |
Psychiatric referral history | ||||
 No (RG) | 170 (96.0) | 168 (94.9) |  |  |
 Yes | 7 (4.0) | 9 (5.1) | 0.76 | 0.27–2.11 |