Outcome | Survey measure | Response | Scoring | Psychometrics |
---|---|---|---|---|
Outcomes completed by both parents and adolescents | ||||
 Social Distance [23] | 5 questions assessing desire for social distance from the person in the psychosis vignette. E.g. Would you be happy for your child / Would you be happy … to develop a close friendship with X? | 4-point Likert scale 1 = Yes definitely 2 = Yes, probably 3 = Probably not 4 = Definitely not | Mean score of 5 questions, range 1–4. | Parent ω = .90 Adolescent ω = .88 |
 Stigma: Weak-not-sick [23] | 4 questions assessing that the person in the psychosis vignette is weak not sick. E.g. X could snap out of it if (he/she) wanted | 5-point Likert scale 1 = Strongly disagree 2 = Disagree 3 = Neither agree nor disagree 4 = Agree 5 = Strongly agree | Mean score of 4 questions, range 1–5, dichotomized to low stigma (=1) or not (> 1). | Parent ω = .81 Adolescent ω = .56 |
 Stigma: Dangerous/Unpredictable [23] | 4 questions* assessing that the person in the psychosis vignette is dangerous or unpredictable. E.g. X’s problem makes (him/her) unpredictable | 5-point Likert scale 1 = Strongly disagree 2 = Disagree 3 = Neither agree nor disagree 4 = Agree 5 = Strongly agree | Mean score of 4 questions, range 1–5. | Parent ω = .46 Adolescent ω = .45 |
 K6 psychological distress (12-month version) [24] | 6 questions assessing the frequency of psychological distress in the worst month during the past 12 months | 5-point Likert scale 1 = None of the time 2 = A little of the time 3 = Some of the time 4 = Most of the time 5 = All of the time | Total scores of 19 or above indicate a high level of psychological distress | Parent ω = .91 Adolescent ω = .93 |
Outcomes completed by parents only | ||||
 Problem recognition | What, if anything, do you think is wrong with X? Question in response to each of 4 vignettes: depression, social phobia, EDNOS, psychosis | Verbatim responses were scored for correct/incorrect, blinded to group allocation and timepoint. | 1 point for correct recognition if the following were mentioned: Depression (depression, depressed), social phobia (anxiety/anxious, social anxiety, social phobia, anxiety disorder, performance anxiety), EDNOS (Eating disorder, EDNOS, bulimia/bulimic/bulimia nervosa/mia, binge eating/loss of control eating, binge eating disorder, anorexia/anorexia nervosa/anorexic/ana, disordered eating), psychosis (schizophrenia/paranoid schizophrenia, psychosis/psychotic, schizophrenic, schizoaffective disorder, precursor to schizophrenia). Mean score of 4 responses, range 0–1. | ω = 0.82 |
 Quality of MHFA intentions | Imagine X is your child. You want to help (him/her). What would you do? Question in response to each of 4 vignettes: depression, social phobia, EDNOS, psychosis | Verbatim responses were scored for consistency with the MHFA Action Plan in the Youth MHFA manual, [17] blinded to group allocation. | Mean score of 4 responses, range 0–12. | Inter-rater reliability (ICC) for 4 vignettes ranged from 0.74–0.84. ω = 0.56 |
 Confidence to help | How confident would you be in your ability to help X? Question in response to each of 4 vignettes: depression, social phobia, EDNOS, psychosis | 4-point Likert scale 1 = Very confident 2 = Fairly confident 3 = Slightly confident 4 = Not confident at all | Mean score of 4 responses, range 1–4. | ω = 0.84 |
 Knowledge about youth mental health problems | 18 questions on knowledge about mental health problems, derived from the Youth MHFA manual [17]. E.g. If a teenager has a traumatic experience, it is best to make them talk about it as soon as possible | Agree, Disagree, Don’t know | 1 point for a correct response to each question, range 0–18. | Test-retest r = 0.67 (PFA group) |
 Quality of MHFA support towards other person | Over the last 12 months, has anyone else you know had any sort of mental health problem?...Have you done anything to help the person with this problem?...What did you do? | Verbatim responses were scored for consistency with the MHFA Action Plan, blinded to group allocation. | Scores range 0–12. | Inter-rater reliability ICC = 0.76 |
 Appropriate help-seeking for mental health problem | Over the last 12 months, have you yourself had any sort of mental health problem?...Have you done anything to deal with this mental health problem?...What did you do? | Verbatim responses were scored for the presence of an appropriate source of help. | Scored a 1 if mentioned any of the following professionals or treatments: taking medication, antidepressant, anxiolytic, counselling, counsellor, GP, psychologist, psychiatrist, CBT, hospital, other medical (mental health practitioner or specialist, professional for alcohol misuse, maternal & child health nurse), professional organization (Centre Against Sexual Assault, Drummond Family Services). |  |
Outcomes completed by adolescents only | ||||
 Perceived general social support from parent [25] | Communication subscale of Parent Attachment from the People in My Life Questionnaire (5 questions). E.g. My parents can tell when I am upset about something. | 4-point Likert scale 1 = Almost never or never true 2 = Sometimes true 3 = Often true 4 = Almost always or always true | Scores range 5–20. | ω = 0.82 |
 Intended help-seeking from parent | If you had a problem right now like X would you ask for help?...Where would you go? Question in response to each of 4 vignettes: depression, social phobia, EDNOS, psychosis | Verbatim responses. | Scored 1 point per vignette if mentioned seeking help from a parent. Sum score of 4 responses, range 0–4. | ω = 0.71 |
 Actual help-seeking from parent | Over the last 12 months, have you had any sort of mental health problem?... Did you get help from family?... Who in the family? | Verbatim responses. | Scored a 1 if adolescent reported seeking help from either or both parents. |  |
 Help-seeking from a health professional | Over the last 12 months, have you had any sort of mental health problem?... Did you get help from a health professional or counsellor? | Verbatim responses. | Scored a 1 if adolescent responded with yes. |  |