Psychotically driven aggression n = 49 (range or percentage) | Other aggression n = 31 (range or percentage) | Community controls n = 81 (range or percentage) | |
---|---|---|---|
Sex – males | 38 males (77.6) | 24 males (77) | 60 (74.1) |
Age | 36.85 ± 11.3 (20–61) | 34.6 ± 9.8 (20–57) | 37.9 ± 11.5 (21–59) |
Education completed | |||
- primary school | 24 (32.6) | 20 (64.5) | 5 (6.2) |
- secondary school | 19 (38.7) | 9 (29.0) | 41 (50.6) |
- vocational or university training | 8 (16.3) | 2 (6.5) | 35 (43.2)† |
Swedish Schooling before age 15 | 38 (77.5) | 25 (80) | 30 (93.7) a |
History of Substance Abuse | |||
-none | 9 (24.5) | 7 (22) | 28 (87.5)a |
- cannabis | 12 (24.8) | 2 (6.4) | 1 (3.1)a |
- opiates | 2 (4.0) | 0 | 0 |
- stimulants | 0 | 1 (3.2) | 0 |
- alcohol | 6 (12.2) | 2 (6.4) | 0 |
- polysubstance abuse | 19 (38.8) | 19 (61.3) * | 3 (9.4) a †† |
Diagnosis | |||
- Schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder | 42 (85.7) | 22 (71) | |
- Bipolar disorder - psychotic | 2 (4.1) | 4 (12.9) | |
- Delusional disorder and other psychotic disorders (not drug induced) | 5 (10.2) | 5 (16.1) | |
Duration of Illness (years) | 10.1 ± 7.6 (1–31) | 8.9 ± 7.0 (0.5–31) | |
WAIS | |||
- information | 8.1 ± 3.3 (3–14) | 9.0 ± 3.5 (3–15) | 10.0 ± 2.36 (6–15) a, # |
- matrix reasoning | 7.3 ± 3.2 (2–16) | 7.9 ± 3.6 (3–14) | 10.6 ± 2.83 (3–16) a, ## |
Earlier autism spectrum disorder | 5 (10.2) | 7 (22.6) | 0 a |
Antipsychotics | |||
- typical | 20 (40.8) | 13 (54.1) | 0 a |
- atypical | 10 (20.4) | 9 (37.5) | |
- clozapine and depot injection | 4 (8.2) | 1 (4.2) | |
- combinations of typical and atypical | 15 (30.6) | 1 (4.2) * | |
Antidepressants | 6 (12.2) | 6 (25) | 0 a |
Mood stabilizers | |||
- lithium | 1 (2.0) | 2 (8.3) | |
- others | 8 (16.3) | 3 (12.5) | |
Haloperidol equivalent dose (mg/day)b | 15 (0–70) | 6.5 (2–25) ** | 0 a |
SANS | 24.0 ± 11.3 (2–50) | 25.4 ± 16.1 (4–60) | 3.37 ± 5.16 (019) a |
SAPS b | 3 (0–36) | 3.0 (0–53) | 0 (0–11) a |
Type of aggressive acts – | |||
- threats | 11 (22.4) | 3 (9.7) | |
- assaults | 22 (44.9) | 20 (64.5) | |
- assault with weapons | 14 (28.6) | 7 (22.6) | |
- manslaughter/murder | 2 (4.1) | 1 (3.2) | |
Number of assaults/threats | |||
none known | 0 | 0 | 0 a |
1–2 | 12 (24.5) | 4 (12.9) | |
3–5 | 14 (28.6) | 10 (32.3) | |
6–9 | 12 (24.5) | 7 (22.6) | |
> 10 | 11 (22.4) | 10 (32.2) |