| Bipolar Disorder | Major Depressive Disorder | Schizophrenia | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | BD (n = 2243) | Control (n = 8972) | STD | MDD (n = 10,110) | Control (n = 40,440) | STD | Schizophrenia (n = 1623) | Control (n = 6492) | STD |
Male | 838 (37.4) | 3311 (36.9) | 0.01 | 3561 (35.2) | 14,126 (34.9) | 0.01 | 699 (43.1) | 2753 (42.4) | 0.01 |
Age (years) | 43.5 ± 16.1 | 43.3 ± 15.9 | 0.01 | 47.7 ± 16.9 | 47.3 ± 17.3 | 0.03 | 41.9 ± 14.3 | 42.3 ± 14.5 | − 0.03 |
Urbanization level | |||||||||
 Low | 152 (6.8) | 583 (6.5) | 0.01 | 781 (7.7) | 3137 (7.8) | < 0.01 | 174 (10.7) | 665 (10.2) | 0.02 |
 Moderate | 584 (26.0) | 2384 (26.6) | −0.01 | 2787 (27.6) | 11,135 (27.5) | < 0.01 | 474 (29.2) | 1926 (29.7) | −0.01 |
 High | 768 (34.2) | 3034 (33.8) | 0.01 | 3373 (33.4) | 13,564 (33.5) | < 0.01 | 494 (30.4) | 1969 (30.3) | < 0.01 |
 Very High | 739 (32.9) | 2971 (33.1) | < 0.01 | 3169 (31.3) | 12,604 (31.2) | < 0.01 | 481 (29.6) | 1932 (29.8) | < 0.01 |
Monthly income, NTD | |||||||||
 0–17,880 | 886 (39.5) | 3553 (39.6) | < 0.01 | 3419 (33.8) | 13,798 (34.1) | −0.01 | 920 (56.7) | 3673 (56.6) | < 0.01 |
 17,881–22,800 | 757 (33.7) | 3051 (34.0) | −0.01 | 3373 (33.4) | 13,499 (33.4) | < 0.01 | 485 (29.9) | 2035 (31.3) | −0.03 |
  > 22,800 | 600 (26.7) | 2368 (26.4) | 0.01 | 3318 (32.8) | 13,143 (32.5) | 0.01 | 218 (13.4) | 784 (12.1) | 0.04 |
Comorbidity | |||||||||
 Anxiety disorder | 1399 (62.4) | 5553 (61.9) | 0.01 | 5307 (52.5) | 21,312 (52.7) | < 0.01 | 655 (40.4) | 2626 (40.4) | < 0.01 |
 Hypertension | 521 (23.2) | 1976 (22.0) | 0.03 | 2918 (28.9) | 11,390 (28.2) | 0.02 | 263 (16.2) | 1057 (16.3) | < 0.01 |
 Dyslipidemia | 409 (18.2) | 1532 (17.1) | 0.03 | 2252 (22.3) | 8766 (21.7) | 0.01 | 179 (11.0) | 715 (11.0) | < 0.01 |
 Diabetes | 268 (11.9) | 1040 (11.6) | 0.01 | 1351 (13.4) | 5213 (12.9) | 0.01 | 136 (8.4) | 552 (8.5) | < 0.01 |
 Coronary heart disease | 262 (11.7) | 973 (10.8) | 0.03 | 1649 (16.3) | 6283 (15.5) | 0.02 | 112 (6.9) | 481 (7.4) | −0.02 |
 COPD | 203 (9.1) | 781 (8.7) | 0.01 | 1115 (11.0) | 4391 (10.9) | 0.01 | 113 (7.0) | 459 (7.1) | < 0.01 |
 Chronic kidney disease | 151 (6.7) | 593 (6.6) | < 0.01 | 815 (8.1) | 3145 (7.8) | 0.01 | 80 (4.9) | 345 (5.3) | −0.02 |
 Stroke | 71 (3.2) | 267 (3.0) | 0.01 | 441 (4.4) | 1643 (4.1) | 0.01 | 47 (2.9) | 187 (2.9) | < 0.01 |
CCI score | 0.56 ± 1.13 | 0.55 ± 1.21 | 0.01 | 0.68 ± 1.24 | 0.62 ± 1.23 | 0.05 | 0.39 ± 0.96 | 0.38 ± 1.01 | 0.01 |