Table 2 Association between each ocular disease and the risk of bipolar disorder (BD)
| Â | Number (%) | Risk of BD | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Ocular Disease | BD (n = 2243) | Control (n = 8972) | OR (95% CI) | P |
Age-related macular degeneration | 29 (1.29) | 95 (1.06) | 1.22 (0.80–1.86) | 0.347 |
Central serous retinopathy | 3 (0.13) | 23 (0.26) | 0.52 (0.16–1.74) | 0.289 |
Retinal vascular occlusion | 4 (0.18) | 23 (0.26) | 0.70 (0.24–2.01) | 0.503 |
Diabetic retinopathy | 37 (1.65) | 168 (1.87) | 0.88 (0.61–1.26) | 0.481 |
Glaucoma | 93 (4.15) | 253 (2.82) | 1.49 (1.18–1.89) | 0.001 |
 Glaucoma suspect | 34 (1.52) | 84 (0.94) | 1.63 (1.09–2.43) | 0.017 |
 Open-angle glaucoma | 30 (1.34) | 58 (0.65) | 2.08 (1.34–3.24) | 0.001 |
 Closed-angle glaucoma | 29 (1.29) | 55 (0.61) | 2.12 (1.36–3.33) | 0.001 |
 Undetermined glaucoma | 46 (2.1) | 127 (1.4) | 1.46 (1.04–2.04) | 0.027 |
Dry eye syndrome | 184 (8.20) | 687 (7.66) | 1.08 (0.91–1.27) | 0.380 |
Optic neuropathy | 1 (0.04) | 11 (0.12) | 0.36 (0.05–2.82) | 0.333 |
Negative control exposure | ||||
 Retinal detachment | 5 (0.22) | 28 (0.31) | 0.71 (0.27–1.85) | 0.488 |
 Uveitis | 15 (0.67) | 67 (0.75) | 0.89 (0.51–1.56) | 0.696 |
 Blepharitis | 70 (3.12) | 303 (3.38) | 0.92 (0.71–1.20) | 0.538 |