A cross-sectional study of gastrointestinal symptoms, depressive symptoms and trait anxiety in young adults

BMC Psychiatry

Table 1 Study participant characteristics (N = 576)

	Patients (n = 491)	Controls (n = 85)	P-value
Women, n (%)	361 (73.5)	62 (72.9)	ns
Age, mean (SD)	21.5 (2.2)	25.2 (2.3)	**
BMI, mean (SD)	23.8 (5.4)	22.7 (3.2)	ns
MADRS-S, median (range)	23 (0–49)	4 (0–20)	**
GSRS-IBS, median (range)	30 (13–79)	22 (13–70)	**
Medication, n (%)
Antidepressant, any	263 (53.6)	3 (3.5)^a	**
Psychotropic medication, any	342 (69.7)	4 (4.7)^b	**
SSRI	192 (39.1)	2 (2.4)	**
Diagnosis, n (%)
Current depressive episode (UP/BP)	257 (52.3)	0	**
Recurrent MDD	184 (37.5)	0	**
Lifetime history of depressive episodes (UP/BP)	439 (89.4)	8 (9.4)	**
Bipolar disorder, any	91 (56.0)	0	**
Anxiety disorder, any	317 (61.2)	0	**

**p < 0.01 level, ns = Non-significant, ^a One control with ongoing SNRI treatment and two controls with SSRI. ^b One control with anti-epileptic medication. Abbreviations: SD standard deviation, MADRS-S Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale Self-assessment, GSRS-IBS Gastrointestinal Symptoms Rating Scale for Irritable Bowel Syndrome, SSRI selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor, MDD Major Mood Disorder, UP/BP Unipolar/Bipolar

ISSN: 1471-244X