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Table 3 Weighted prevalence of alcohol use disorder among those with and without major depressive episode and adjusted odds ratios for the association between major depressive episode and alcohol use disorder across levels of wealth index, education, employment status, and area of residence among the Thai adult population (N = 13,177)

From: Socio-economic inequalities in the association between alcohol use disorder and depressive disorder among Thai adults: a population-based study

Effect modifying variable

Depressive episode

Alcohol use disorder

Non-problem drinking

Hazardous drinking

Harmful-dependent drinking

Variable

Level

Status

% (95% CI)

AOR

% (95% CI)

AOR (95% CI)

% (95% CI)

AOR (95% CI)

Wealth index

Tercile 3

No

90.0 (89.2,90.7)

1

8.7 (8.1,9.3)

1

1.4 (1.2,1.6)

1

Yes

85.9 (81.6,89.3)

 

8.4 (6.1,11.4)

2.23 (1.51,2.72)

5.8 (3.7,8.8)

8.68 (5.34,14.11)

Tercile 2

No

87.7 (87.0,88.4)

1

11.1 (10.5,11.6)

1

1.2 (1.0,1.5)

1

Yes

92.6 (89.1,95.0)

 

6.6 (4.5,9.7)

1.53 (1.02, 2.31)

0.8 (0.4,1.7)

1.78 (0.74,4.25)

Tercile 1

No

85.7 (84.8,86.6)

1

11.5 (10.8,12.3)

1

2.8 (2.5,3.1)

1

Yes

90.0 (85.1,93.4)

 

3.1 (2.3,4.2)

0.69 (0.44,1.07)

6.9 (4.0,11.6)

7.14 (3.71,13.73)

Education

Secondary school or higher

No

85.6 (84.9,86.2)

1

12.4 (11.8,12.9)

1

2.1 (1.9,2.4)

1

Yes

76.7 (72.3,80.6)

 

9.1 (6.9,12.0)

1.75 (1.33, 2.30)

14.2 (10.4,19.1)

16.0 (10.3, 24.9)

Primary school

No

89.4 (88.9,89.9)

1

9.0 (8.6,9.4)

1

1.6 (1.5,1.8)

1

Yes

94.9 (93.6,95.9)

 

4.1 (3.4,5.0)

1.04 (0.82, 1.31)

1.0 (0.5,2.0)

1.44 (0.63, 3.33)

Employment status

Employed

No

85.7 (85.0,86.3)

1

12.2 (11.7,12.7)

1

2.1 (2.0,2.3)

1

Yes

82.9 (79.5,85.7)

 

8.9 (7.3,10.8)

1.26 (1.02, 1.56)

8.3 (6.0,11.3)

6.81 (4.71, 9.85)

Unemployed

No

88.3 (86.2,90.2)

1

10.0 (8.4,11.9)

1

1.6 (1.2,2.3)

1

Yes

94.7 (91.9,96.6)

 

5.3 (3.4,8.2)

undetermined

0

undetermined

Area of residence

Urban

No

88.5 (87.9,89.1)

1

9.6 (9.2,10.1)

1

1.9 (1.7,2.1)

1

Yes

86.9 (84.9,88.6)

 

5.9 (4.5,7.5)

1.25 (1.05, 1.50)

7.3 (5.2,10.3)

8.50 (5.50, 13.13)

Rural

No

87.2 (86.6,87.8)

1

11.0 (10.6,11.6)

1

1.7 (1.6,1.9)

1

Yes

92.2 (89.7,94.1)

 

5.2 (4.1,6.7)

1.24 (0.90, 1.71)

2.6 (1.7,4.0)

4.73 (3.31, 6.77)

  1. Reference category for outcome = non-drinking or non-problem drinking based on Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) score: 0–7, hazardous drinkers = AUDIT score: 8–15 and harmful-dependent drinkers = AUDIT score: 16–40
  2. Reference level for exposure = no major depressive episode
  3. Wealth index: Tercile 1 = lowest (poorest) and Tercile 3 = highest socio-economic group
  4. AOR adjusted odds ratio, 95% CI 95% confidence interval, all percentages are weighted for stratified sampling survey
  5. All odds ratios are adjusted for other socio-economic status variables, area of residence, age group, sex, marital status, religion, smoking status and presence of chronic illness