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Table 1 Demographic characteristics

From: Real-world clinical features of and antidepressant prescribing patterns for outpatients with bipolar disorder

Variables

Total

(N = 2705)

Antidepressant (−)

(N = 1598)

Antidepressant (+)

(N = 1107)

P value

Scale type

Statistical method

Gender

   

0.240

nominal scale

chi-square test

 Male: n(%)

1240 (45.8)

748 (46.8)

492 (44.4)

   

 Female: n(%)

1465 (54.2)

850 (53.2)

615 (55.6)

   

Body mass index (kg/m2): mean

23.4

23.2

23.7

0.010

interval scale

Mann-Whitney U-test

Age at study entry: mean

50.2

50.7

49.6

0.074

interval scale

Mann-Whitney U-test

Age at onset of bipolar symptoms: mean

34.6

34.7

34.3

0.875

interval scale

Mann-Whitney U-test

Period of attending clinic (yaer): mean

7.9

7.6

8.3

0.004

interval scale

Mann-Whitney U-test

Current work status: n(%)

   

0.594

nominal scale

chi-square test

 Employed

1808 (66.8)

1075 (67.3)

733 (66.2)

   

 Unemployed

897 (33.2)

523 (32.7)

374 (33.8)

   

Educational level: n(%)

   

0.574

ordinal scale

Mann–Whitney U-test

 Junior high school or high school graduate

1407 (52.0)

841

566

   

 Junior college graduate

240 (8.9)

135

105

   

 College or postgraduate degree

1058 (39.1)

622

436

   

Mood stabilizer prescription: n (%)

2251 (83.2)

1395 (87.3)

856 (77.3)

< 0.001

nominal scale

chi-square test

Antipsychotics prescription: n (%)

1449 (53.6)

892 (55.8)

557 (50.3)

0.005

nominal scale

chi-square test

Anxiolytics prescription: n (%)

1000 (37.0)

472 (29.5)

528 (47.7)

< 0.001

nominal scale

chi-square test

Hypnotics prescription: n (%)

1605 (59.3)

896 (56.1)

709 (64.0)

< 0.001

nominal scale

chi-square test

Intelligence Quotient, IQ: n (%)

   

0.884

ordinal scale

Mann-Whitney U-test

 > 85

2569 (95.0)

1517

1052

   

 85–71

106 (3.9)

60

46

   

 < 71

30 (1.1)

21

9

   

GAF score: n(%)

   

< 0.001

ordinal scale

Mann-Whitney U-test

 81–100

885 (32.7)

575 (36.0)

310 (28.0)

   

 61–80

1243 (46.0)

739 (46.2)

504 (45.5)

   

 41–60

512 (18.9)

252 (15.8)

260 (23.5)

   

 1–40

65 (2.4)

32 (2.0)

33 (3.0)

   

Psychiatric comorbidity: n (%)

507 (18.7)

265 (16.6)

242 (21.9)

< 0.001

nominal scale

chi-square test

Personality disorder: n (%)

147 (5.4)

70 (4.4)

77 (7.0)

0.005

nominal scale

chi-square test

Developmental disorder: n (%)

177 (6.5)

97 (6.1)

80 (7.2)

0.264

nominal scale

chi-square test

Physical comorbidity: n (%)

821 (30.4)

468 (29.3)

353 (31.9)

0.160

nominal scale

chi-square test

Rapid cycler: n (%)

299 (11.1)

169 (10.6)

130 (11.7)

0.373

nominal scale

chi-square test

Substance abuse: n (%)

138 (5.1)

83 (5.2)

55 (5.0)

0.862

nominal scale

chi-square test

Mood status: n(%)

   

< 0.001

nominal scale

chi-square test

 Depressive state

1098 (40.6)

519 (32.5)

579 (52.3)

   

 Manic state

230 (8.5)

186 (11.6)

44 (4.0)

   

 Mixed state

261 (9.6)

159 (9.9)

102 (9.2)

   

 Remission

1116 (41.3)

734 (45.9)

382 (34.5)

   
  1. p < 0.0025 was regarded as significant using Bonferroni’s correction due to multiple testing
  2. GAF Global Assessment of Function