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Table 1 Studies that report the links between social cognitive domains and psychopathology and/or social outcomes in individuals with 22q11DS

From: Social cognition in individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and its link with psychopathology and social outcomes: a review

Author (year)

Country

N

Age M (SD), (range)

Gender N (%F)

IQ (SD), (range)

Detection method

Social Cognition Assessment

Psychopathology Assessment

Social Outcomes Assessment

Campbell et al. (2011) [50]

UK

50

10.99 (2.9), (6–16.75)

28 (56%)

65.8 (9.32), (40–94)

FISH

EP: MRC Face Processing Skills Battery

ToM: False-belief stories

SDQ (emotional problems)

SDQ (peer relationship problems)

Ho et al. (2012) [52]

USA

63

13.7 (5.5), (6–25) /17.1 (1.9), (14–22)

11 (38%) /20 (59%)

80.5 (13.7), (−)/ 74.5 (13.2),(−)

Diagnostically confirmeda

ToM: The Animations Task

ADOS, ADI-R, SCID

SRS

Shashi et al. (2012) [53]

USA

66

10.5 (2.6), (−)

32 (48%)

(−)

Diagnostically confirmeda

EP: DANVA, Child Facial Expressions and the Child Paralanguage Subtests

CBCL, C-DISC, GAF

SSRS

Campbell et al. (2015) [54]

Australia

24

16.75 (−), (12–21)

14 (58%)

75.88 (14.93), (56–115)

Diagnostically confirmeda

EP: EAT

ToM: PST (false-belief vs. social-script, mechanical, capture)

SCID, K-SADS-PL, SDQ (emotional problems)

SDQ (peer relationship problems)

Vangkilde et al. (2016) [49]

Denmark

29

15.7 (2.8), (−)

19 (65%)

79.52 (−), (35–113)

SNP array analysis

EP: ERT

ToM: TASIT

SIPS

ABAS-II, SRS

Badoud et al. (2017) [55]

Switzerland

29

17.79 (2.89), (11–21)

13 (45%)

75.33 (11.66), (−)

QF-PCR

EP: Pictures of Facial Affect

ToM: The Director Task

SPQ

VABS

Schneider et al. (2017) [56]

Switzerland

35

18.06 (3.40), (11–24)

21 (60%)

(−)

QF-PCR

EP: BFRT

SPQ,YSR/ASR (anxiety and depression)

DAS (dysfunctional beliefs: negative performance beliefs, need for approval)

Dubourg et al. (2018) [57]

Switzerland

22

20.3 (5.2), (12–32)

17 (77%)

74 (12), (−)

QF-PCR

EP: BFRT

Social Perception: IAPS and scrambled images

K-SADS-PL, SCID-I, SIPS, DICA

SRS

Zaharia et al. (2018) [58]

Switzerland

75

Longit. (T1)12.81 (3.57), (−)

40 (53%)

71.96 (11.25), (−)

QF-PCR

EP: Face Discrimination Task (Jane task/featural and configural)

CBCL, ABCL, PANSS

PANSS (poor social abilities - negative symptoms subscale)

Weinberger et al. (2018) [59]

Israel

44

20.7 (6.0), (12–33)

21 (48%)

77.2 (11.0), (−)

FISH

EP: Penn Computerized Neurocognitive Battery (Penn Emotion Identification Test Penn Emotion Differentiation Test Penn Age Differentiation Test)

SIPS/SOPS, K-SADS or SCID

VABS

  1. ABAS-II The Adaptive Behavior Assessment System—Sec. Ed., ABCL Adult behavior checklist, ADI-R Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised, ADOS Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, ASR adult self-report, BFRT Benton Facial Recognition Test, CBCL Child behavioral checklist, C-DISC Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children, DANVA Diagnostic Analysis of Non-Verbal Accuracy, DAS Dysfunctional Attitude Scale-Form A, DICA Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents, EAT Emotion Attribution Task, EP Emotion processing, ERT Emotion Recognition Task, FISH Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization, GAF Global Assess. of Function, IAPS International Affective Picture System, K-SADS-PL Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age Children - Present and Lifetime, PANSS Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, PST Picture Sequencing Task, QF-PCR Quantitative Fluorescence Polymerase Chain Reaction, SADS Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children, SCID Structured Clinical Interview for DSM IV, Axis I Disorders, SDQ Strengths and Difficulties, Questionnaire, SIPS Structured Interview for Prodr.Syndromes, SOPS Scale of Prodromal Symptoms, SPQ Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire, SRS Social Responsiveness Scale, SSRS Social Skills Rating System, TASIT The Awareness of Social Inference Test, ToM Theory of Mind, VABS Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, YSR youth self-report, acardiology, paediatrics and/or genetics clinics