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Table 1 Baseline characteristics, laboratory results, and comparisons between 29 depressed and 254 non-depressed patients with T1DM

From: Low levels of soluble TWEAK, indicating on-going inflammation, were associated with depression in type 1 diabetes: a cross-sectional study

  

Depression

 

All

Yes

No

P - value a

N

283

29

254

 

Age (years)

(18–59)

49 (38, 53)

42 (31, 50)

0.036

Diabetes duration (years)

(1–55)

21 (11, 35)

20 (10, 29)

0.45

Sex

 Women

124 (44)

13 (45)

111 (44)

> 0.99 b

 Men

159 (56)

16 (55)

143 (56)

Depression

29 (10)

–

–

–

sTWEAK (ng/ml) c

(0.5–1618)

1.5 (1.2, 2.9)

2.7 (1.3, 13.4)

0.017

Galectin-3 (ng/ml) d

(0.001–100.0)

1.3 (0.8, 3.0)

0.9 (0.5, 1.6)

0.011

High galectin-3 (≥2.6 ng/ml) d

41 (15)

10 (34)

31 (13)

0.005 b

HbA1c

 mmol/mol

(25–110)

68 (55, 73)

63 (54, 70)

0.056

 %

(4.4–12.2)

8.4 (7.2, 8.8)

7.9 (7.1, 8.5)

High HbA1c (> 70 mmol/mol (> 8.6%))

75 (26)

13 (45)

62 (24)

0.026 b

Total cholesterol (mmol/l)

(2.1–10.9)

4.3 (4.0, 4.8)

4.6 (4.1, 5.2)

0.044

LDL-cholesterol (mmol/l)

(0.6–8.3)

2.8 (2.2, 3.2)

2.8 (2.4, 3.3)

0.37

Triglycerides (mmol/l)

(0.06–5.9)

0.9 (0.7, 1.5)

0.9 (0.7, 1.2)

0.35

HDL-cholesterol (mmol/l)

(0.3–2.7)

1.3 (1.2, 1.6)

1.6 (1.3, 1.8)

0.015

Triglycerides/HDL-cholesterol ratio

(0.04–5.9)

0.6 (0.5–1.4)

0.6 (0.4–0.9)

0.23

S-Creatinine (μmol/l) e

(28–182)

72 (63, 80)

70 (62, 78)

0.94

Abdominal obesity f

46 (17)

6 (21)

40 (16)

0.43 b

BMI (kg/m2) g

(17.8–45.2)

23.8 (21.8, 27.3)

24.8 (22.8, 27.5)

0.21

Systolic BP (mm Hg)

(90–160)

120 (112, 135)

120 (110, 130)

0.99

Diastolic BP (mm Hg)

(55–100)

70 (68, 78)

70 (70, 75)

0.90

Hypoglycemia (severe episodes)

12 (4)

2 (7)

10 (4)

0.36 b

Smoking h

28 (10)

5 (18)

23 (10)

0.19 b

Physical inactivity i

29 (11)

5 (18)

24 (10)

0.20 b

Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion

25 (9)

3 (10)

22 (9)

0.73 b

Antidepressants

22 (8)

9 (31)

13 (5)

< 0.001 b

Lipid lowering drugs

130 (46)

14 (48)

116 (46)

> 0.84 b

Antihypertensive drugs

89 (31)

10 (34)

79 (31)

0.68 b

Cardiovascular complications

10 (4)

4 (14)

6 (2)

0.012 b

  1. Data are presented as (min-max), median (q1, q3), or N (%). a Mann-Whitney U Test unless otherwise indicated
  2. b Fisher’s Exact Test. Missing values (N): c 5; d 9; e 12; f 6 g, 2; h, i 16