Table 3 Variables associated with depression in patients with T1DM

Age (per year)

1.04 (1.00–1.07)

0.046

1.05 (1.01–1.10)

0.027

Diabetes duration (per year)

1.01 (0.98–1.04)

0.46

–

–

Sex (women)

1.0 (0.5–2.3)

0.91

–

–

Low sTWEAK (< 7.2 ng/ml)

6.5 (1.5–28.0)

0.012

9.0 (1.9–43.2)

0.006

High galectin-3 (≥2.6 ng/ml) 

3.6 (1.5–8.5)

0.003

6.3 (2.2–17.8)

0.001

High HbA1c (> 70 mmol/mol (> 8.6%))

2.5 (1.1–5.5)

0.021

2.4 (0.9–6.3)

0.067

Total cholesterol (per mmol/l)

0.6 (0.4–1.0)

0.040

0.7 (0.4–1.2)

0.19

LDL-cholesterol (per mmol/l)

0.7 (0.4–1.2)

0.23

–

–

Triglycerides (per mmol/l)

1.3 (0.8–2.0)

0.23

–

–

HDL-cholesterol (per mmol/l)

0.3 (0.1–0.8)

0.020

0.1 (0.03–0.6)

0.006

Triglyceride/HDL-cholesterol ratio (per unit)

1.5 (1.0–2.3)

0.038

1.2 (0.6–2.4)

0.56

S-Creatinine (per μmol/l) 

1.00 (0.98–1.02)

0.72

–

–

Abdominal obesity 

1.4 (0.5–3.7)

0.47

–

–

BMI (per kg/m²)

1.0 (0.9–1.1)

0.38

–

–

Systolic BP (per mm Hg)

1.00 (0.96–1.03)

0.90

–

–

Diastolic BP (per mm Hg)

1.00 (0.95–1.06)

0.98

–

–

Hypoglycemia (severe episodes)

1.8 (0.4–8.6)

0.46

–

–

Smoking 

2.0 (0.7–5.9)

0.19

–

–

Physical inactivity 

1.9 (0.7–5.6)

0.22

–

–

Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion

1.2 (0.3–4.3)

0.76

–

–

Antidepressants

8.3 (3.2–21.9)

< 0.001

8.4 (2.7–26.1)

< 0.001

Lipid lowering drugs

1.1 (0.5–2.4)

0.79

–

–

Antihypertensive drugs

1.2 (0.5–2.6)

0.71

–

–

Cardiovascular complications

6.6 (1.7–25.0)

0.005

1.1 (0.2–6.3)

0.92