Table 1 Patient characteristics
Number of patients (n = 119) | |
|---|---|
Sex ratio (male:female) | 89: 30 |
Age (years) at symptom onset, mean (range) | 6.9 (1–14) |
Age (years) at diagnosis, mean (range) | 8 (1–17) |
Time interval (months) between symptom onset and diagnosis, mean (range) | 13.3 (0.25–132) |
Subtypes of tic disorder | |
Provisional tic disorder | 92 (77.3%) |
Chronic motor or vocal tic disorder | 8 (6.7%) |
Tourette syndrome | 19 (16%) |
Initial tic symptoms | |
Eye blinking | 60 (50.4%) |
Jaw/Lip movement | 35 (29.4%) |
Throat clearing | 35 (29.4%) |
Head turning/Nodding | 34 (28.6%) |
Eyeball rolling | 32 (26.9%) |
Arm movement | 32 (26.9%) |
Palilalia | 25 (21%) |
Shoulder movement | 23 (19.3%) |
Grimacing | 21 (17.6%) |
Leg movement | 19 (16%) |
Sniffling | 18 (15.1%) |
Coughing | 15 (12.6%) |
Trunk movement | 14 (11.8%) |
Sighing | 5 (4.2%) |
Echolalia | 4 (3.4%) |
Coprolalia | 3 (2.5%) |
Grunting | 3 (2.5%) |
Whistling | 2 (1.7%) |
Spitting | 1 (0.8%) |