Clinical features and neuropsychiatric comorbidities in pediatric patients with tic disorders: a retrospective chart review study from South Korea

Table 3 Comparison of demographic and clinical characteristics of patients based on tic severity

	Patients with mild tics (n = 76)	Patients with moderate to severe tics (n = 43)	P value
Gender (Male)^a	55 (72.4%)	34 (79.1%)	0.41
Age (years) at symptom onset, mean (range)^b	6.9 (1.2–14.5)	7.9 (1.3–14.3)	0.07
Age (years) at diagnosis, mean (range)^b	7.9 (1.7–17.2)	9.1 (2.1–17.4)	0.08
Time interval (months) between symptom onset and diagnosis, mean (range)^b	12.9 (0.25–96)	13.9 (0.25–132)	0.81
Subtypes of tic disorder^a
Provisional tic disorder	59 (77.6%)	33 (76.7%)	0.91
Chronic motor or vocal tic disorder	6 (7.9%)	2 (4.7%)	0.49
Tourette syndrome	11 (14.5%)	8 (18.6%)	0.55
Initial tic symptoms
Motor tics^a	38 (50%)	14 (32.6%)	0.06
Vocal tics^c	4 (5.3%)	4 (9.3%)	0.45
Motor + vocal tics^a	34 (44.7%)	25 (58.1%)	0.16
Presence of neuropsychiatric comorbidities^a	21 (27.6%)	16 (37.2%)	0.27
Tics are noticeable to strangers^a	38 (50%)	31 (72.1%)	0.01
Tics interfere with functioning^a	24 (31.6%)	30 (69.8%)	< 0.05

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