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Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of PWE according to SUA levels

From: A cross-sectional study on the association of serum uric acid levels with depressive and anxiety symptoms in people with epilepsy

Variables

All patients

SUA tertiles

P

Tertile 1 vs Tertile 2

Tertile 1 vs Tertile 3

Tertile 2 vs Tertile 3

Tertile 1, n=107

(≤ 293)

Tertile 2, n=107

(294–374)

Tertile 3, n=106

(≥ 375)

SUA (umol/L), mean±SD

340.08 ± 93.05

246.16 ± 34.50

330.18 ± 22.96

444.87 ± 66.30

<0.001d

p<0.001e

<0.001e

<0.001e

C-NDDI-E score, median (IQR)

7 (6, 10)

8, (6, 13)

7 (6, 10)

7 (6, 9)

<0.001c

0.016b

<0.001b

0.236b

GAD-7 score, median (IQR)

3 (1, 7)

5 (1, 9)

3 (0, 6)

2 (0, 4)

0.002c

0.020b

<0.001b

0.302b

Age (Years), mean±SD

37.88 ± 15.94

40.26 ± 16.35

40.63 ± 16.65

32.71 ± 13.48

<0.001d

0.864e

<0.001e

<0.001e

Gender-female, n(%)

134 (41.9)

77 (72.0)

40 (37.4)

17 (16.0)

<0.001a

<0.001a

<0.001a

<0.001a

BMI (Kg/M2), mean±SD

23.48 ± 3.82

22.43 ± 3.57

23.74 ± 3.53

24.28 ± 4.13

0.001d

0.011e

<0.001e

0.293e

Marital status-married, n(%)

205 (64.1)

78 (72.9)

69 (64.5)

58 (54.7)

0.022a

0.185a

0.006a

0.146a

Educational level, n(%)

    

<0.001a

0.088a

<0.001a

0.023a

 University and above

95 (29.7)

25 (23.4)

27 (25.2)

43 (40.6)

    

 Middle school

193 (60.3)

62 (57.9)

71 (66.4)

60 (56.6)

    

 Primary school and below

32 (10)

20 (18.7)

9 (8.4)

3 (2.8)

    

Residence-rural area, n(%)

115 (35.9)

45 (42.1)

31 (29.0)

39 (36.8)

0.133a

0.046a

0.432a

0.224a

Per capita monthly family income (Yuan), n(%)

    

0.098a

0.745a

0.057a

0.050a

 <1000

31 (9.7)

14 (13.1)

12 (11.2)

5 (4.7)

    

 1000–5000

230 (71.9)

75 (70.1)

80 (74.8)

75 (70.8)

    

 >5000

59 (18.4)

18 (16.8)

15 (14.0)

26 (24.5)

    

Age at onset (Years),median (IQR)

30 (18, 46)

30 (18, 47)

36 (19, 50)

24 (17, 39)

0.005c

0.406b

0.019b

0.002b

Disease duration (Years),median (IQR)

2 (1, 6)

2 (1, 7)

2 (1, 5)

2 (1, 5)

0.55c

0.409b

0.301b

0.841b

Seizure type-focal onset, n(%)

266 (83.1)

93 (86.9)

86 (80.4)

87 (82.1)

0.415a

0.196a

0.369a

0.751a

Seizure frequency over the last year, n(%)

    

0.015a

0.151a

0.002a

0.279a

 Seizure-feee

63 (19.7)

20 (18.7)

21 (19.6)

22 (20.8)

    

 1–11

164 (51.2)

44 (41.4)

56 (52.3)

64 (60.4)

    

 >12

93 (29.1)

43 (40.2)

30 (28.0)

20 (18.9)

    

Treatment-monotherapy, n(%)

286 (89.4)

93 (86.9)

96 (89.7)

97 (91.5)

0.548a

0.523a

0.280a

0.654a

>50% nocturnal seizures, n(%)

120 (37.5)

38 (35.5)

38 (35.5)

44 (41.5)

0.581a

1a

0.369a

0.369a

  1. SUA serum uric acid, C-NDDI-E Chinese Version of Neurological Disorders Depression Inventory for Epilepsy, GAD-7 Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, BMI body mass index, PWE patients with epilepsy, IQR interquartile range, SD standard deviation, LSD least significant difference
  2. aChi-square tests, bMann–Whitney U-test, cKruskal-Wallis tests, dANOVA, ePost-hoc LSD tests were used in Table 1. Bonferroni correction was also used, and P < 0.017 was deemed statistically significant