Table 3 Maternal and child characteristics according to maternal depression trajectory
Variables | Maternal depression trajectory 3 m-11y (N, %) | p-value* | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
“Low” N=1096 | “Moderate Low” N=1417 | “Increasing” N=375 | “Decreasing” N=295 | “Chronic high” N=164 | ||
Maternal variables | ||||||
Family income (5thquintile) | 26.9 | 18.6 | 11.2 | 10.8 | 8.5 | < 0.001 |
Schooling>=9 years | 55.6 | 45.4 | 25.4 | 28.3 | 17.7 | < 0.001 |
Skin colour, White | 76.9 | 73.3 | 64.8 | 69.4 | 69.5 | < 0.001 |
Single mother | 12.5 | 16.5 | 17.8 | 18.3 | 14.6 | 0.015 |
Maternal age < 20 years | 15.2 | 20.1 | 22.6 | 24.7 | 14.6 | 0.001 |
Parity>=2 | 27.9 | 31.1 | 42.1 | 37.9 | 64.6 | < 0.001 |
No emotional support during pregnancy | 10.8 | 16.4 | 22.0 | 23.2 | 26.5 | < 0.001 |
Unplanned pregnancy | 50.7 | 55.8 | 62.1 | 63.0 | 68.2 | < 0.001 |
Smoking during pregnancy | 17.6 | 24.4 | 34.1 | 35.2 | 42.0 | < 0.001 |
Alcohol use during pregnancy | 2.0 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 4.0 | 9.1 | < 0.001 |
Depression during pregnancy | 10.0 | 23.4 | 36.5 | 42.0 | 61.5 | < 0.001 |
Started prenatal care in the 1sttrimester | 79.3 | 72.7 | 70.7 | 68.0 | 65.4 | < 0.001 |
C-section | 47.8 | 44.2 | 41.6 | 44.0 | 42.0 | 0.182 |
Child variables | ||||||
Sex, male (%) | 50.5 | 52.7 | 53.0 | 50.1 | 45.7 | 0.406 |
Low birthweight | 9.3 | 7.0 | 9.6 | 9.8 | 7.3 | 0.181 |
Preterm birth (< 37 weeks) | 11.6 | 12.9 | 17.6 | 15.2 | 17.0 | 0.021 |
5 min Apgar< 7 | 1.7 | 0.9 | 2.1 | 0.6 | 1.8 | 0.239 |
Sibling number>=4 | 3.4 | 4.7 | 6.7 | 5.9 | 10.0 | < 0.001 |
IQ low average | 16.7 | 23.8 | 29.5 | 31.5 | 37.8 | < 0.001 |
Hospitalization 1st year of life | 13.7 | 17.8 | 21.0 | 24.7 | 23.9 | < 0.001 |
Breastfed < 4 months | 22.2 | 21.9 | 26.0 | 24.6 | 32.7 | 0.018 |