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Table 3 Bivariate and Multivariate Logistic Regression Models for Insomnia

From: Prevalence and associated factors of DSM-5 insomnia disorder in the general population of Qatar

 

Unadjustedb

Adjustedc

OR

CI

P-value

OR

CI

P-value

Gender (Male refa)

 Female

1.4

0.8–2.4

0.218

0.6

0.3–1.2

0.168

Age

 In years

1.0

1.0–1.1

0.198

1.0

0.9–1.0

0.010

Marital status (Married ref)

 Never married

0.9

0.5–1.9

0.827

0.4

0.2–0.9

0.027

 Separated/divorced

1.7

0.8–3.6

0.193

1.0

0.4–2.5

0.970

Education level (Post-secondary ref)

 Less than high school

4.1

2.2–7.8

< 0.001

2.9

1.1–7.6

0.025

 High school

1.5

0.8–2.9

0.191

1.2

0.6–2.4

0.518

Arab ethnicity (Non-Arab ref)

 Arab

4.8

2.2–10.6

< 0.001

4.5

1.7–11.8

0.002

Respondent group (Qataris ref)

 Non-Qataris

0.6

0.4–1.0

0.041

1.3

0.7–2.5

0.461

Employment status (Employed ref)

 Unemployed

2.7

1.6–4.5

< 0.001

2.6

1.3–5.1

0.008

Health rating (Excellent/good ref)

 Fair/poor

3.2

1.7–6.3

0.001

3.4

1.5–7.9

0.004

General anxiety (Non-anxious ref)

 Anxious

7.2

3.5–14.9

< 0.001

3.8

1.7–8.5

0.001

Depression (Non-depressed ref)

 Depressed

14.3

6.2–32.6

< 0.001

8.8

3.6–21.4

< 0.001

  1. Note. OR is odds Ratio. CI is 95% confidence intervals. All estimates were weighted. General anxiety was measured using the two-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale and a cut-off of 3 was used to define moderate-to-severe anxiety symptoms. Depression was measured using the 9-item Physician Health Questionnaire and was defined using a cut-off of 10 to denote moderate-to-severe levels of depression aRef represents the reference groups. bUnadjusted model was based on adjustment for only one variable at a time, therefore, n is variable. cModel was based on adjustment for all variables including gender, age, marital status, education, ethnicity, respondent group, employment, health rating, anxiety and depression (n = 1468)