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Table 3 Risk factors for Worsened Emotion and Insomnia in Adults with MDs during the COVID-19 Outbreak

From: Psychological reactions and insomnia in adults with mental health disorders during the COVID-19 outbreak

Variable

Worsened Anxiety

Worsened Depression

Worsened Insomnia

 

OR

95%CI

OR

95%CI

OR

95%CI

Age

0.98

0.93 ~ 1.02

0.97

0.92 ~ 1.01

0.99

0.95 ~ 1.03

Gender

 Female

Reference

 Male

0.90

0.38 ~ 2.13

1.30

0.56 ~ 3.02

0.72

0.32 ~ 1.61

 Occupation

0.92

0.73 ~ 1.16

0.87

0.69 ~ 1.10

1.03

0.84 ~ 1.28

Married

 Yes

Reference

 No

0.86

0.35 ~ 2.09

0.77

0.31 ~ 1.94

0.61

0.26 ~ 1.42

Education levels

 High school and below

Reference

 College

0.86

0.32 ~ 2.30

1.11

0.42 ~ 2.94

2.27

0.90 ~ 5.74

 Master and above

1.23

0.37 ~ 4.10

0.64

0.16 ~ 2.47

1.25

0.34 ~ 4.61

IES-R

1.13

1.09 ~ 1.17

1.11

1.07 ~ 1.14

1.05

1.03 ~ 1.08

GAD-7 prior to outbreak

0.86

0.75 ~ 0.99

0.96

0.84 ~ 1.10

0.99

0.88 ~ 1.12

PHQ-9 prior to outbreak

0.95

0.85 ~ 1.06

0.90

0.80 ~ 0.96

1.02

0.93 ~ 1.13

ISI prior to outbreak

0.98

0.90 ~ 1.07

1.01

0.93 ~ 1.10

0.91

0.84 ~ 0.98

â–³TIB

–

–

–

–

1.23

1.02 ~ 1.49

  1. IES-R The Impact of Event scale-revised, GAD-7 Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, PHQ-9 Patient Health Questionnaire-9, ISI Insomnia Severity Index, â–³TIB Total in-bed time during the outbreak minus pre-COVID-19 total in-bed time
  2. Values in bold indicate statistically significant