Combined pattern of childhood psycho-behavioral characteristics in patients with schizophrenia: a retrospective study in Japan

Table 2 Comparison of Mean CBCL Total Score and Subscale t-scores between the Schizophrenia and Control Groups^a

	Schizophrenia	Control	t-value	p	d^b	(1-β)^c
	Mean ± SD (SE)	Mean ± SD (SE)	t-value	p	d^b	(1-β)^c
Summary scale
Total score^d	51.24 ± 11.22(1.52)	46.21 ± 10.54(0.76)	3.04	0.003**	0.47	0.84*
Eight syndrome subscales^e
Withdrawn	59.25 ± 9.23(1.25)	53.66 ± 6.08(0.43)	4.20	< 0.001***	0.81	0.97*
Somatic complaints	53.50 ± 6.61(0.90)	52.88 ± 5.72(0.41)	0.67	0.502	0.10	0.09
Anxious/Depressed	56.27 ± 6.91(0.94)	52.29 ± 4.65(0.33)	3.98	< 0.001***	0.76	0.96*
Social problems	56.27 ± 8.11(1.10)	51.93 ± 4.50(0.32)	3.77	< 0.001***	0.79	0.93*
Thought problems	54.00 ± 7.37(1.00)	50.36 ± 1.40(0.10)	3.60	0.001**	1.00	0.89*
Attention problems	55.90 ± 7.95(1.08)	51.98 ± 4.33(0.31)	3.48	0.001**	0.74	0.89*
Delinquent behavior	52.98 ± 5.70(0.77)	53.26 ± 7.62(0.55)	−0.25	0.799	0.04	0.06
Aggressive behavior	51.09 ± 2.96(0.40)	52.78 ± 7.57(0.54)	−1.60	0.014*	0.25	0.95*

^at-test comparisons, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001
^bEffect size (Cohen’s d)
^cPower analysis, *Power(1-β) > 0.8
^dClinical range ≧64.64 > borderline range of total score > 59. Normal range≦59.
^eClinical range ≧71. 71 > borderline range of syndrome subscales > 66. Normal range≦66

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