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Table 5 Univariate and multivariable analysis of correlates of common mental disorders among YLWH from Kenyan coast

From: Prevalence, risk and protective indicators of common mental disorders among young people living with HIV compared to their uninfected peers from the Kenyan coast: a cross-sectional study

 

Positive screen for depressive symptoms

Positive screen for GAD symptoms

Positive CMD Comorbiditya

Covariate

Univariate analysis

OR (95% CI)

Multivariable analysis

aOR (95% CI)

Univariate analysis

OR (95% CI)

Multivariable analysis

aOR (95% CI)

Univariate analysis

OR (95% CI)

Multivariable analysis

aOR (95% CI)

A priori:

 Age

1.12** (1.02, 1.24)

1.02 (0.91, 1.15)

1.09* (0.97, 1.22)

1.01 (0.88, 1.16)

1.14** (1.01, 1.29)

1.06 (0.92, 1.23)

 Sex

  Male

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Female

1.62** (1.04, 2.53)

1.08 (0.63, 1.84)

2.04*** (1.20, 3.48)

1.41 (0.74, 2.66)

2.07** (1.16, 3.67)

1.45 (0.73, 2.85)

Demographic:

 Education level

  Secondary

Ref

–

Ref

–

Ref

–

  Tertiary

1.25 (0.65, 2.41)

–

1.41 (0.66, 3.01)

–

1.74* (0.78, 3.89)

–

  Primary

1.87** (1.16, 3.01)

–

1.87** (1.07, 3.27)

–

2.22** (1.21, 4.07)

–

  None

2.03 (0.46, 8.84)

–

2.00 (0.38, 10.47)

–

1.17 (0.14, 10.06)

–

 Employment

  Student

Ref

–

Ref

–

Ref

–

  Self-employed

0.71 (0.29, 1.75)

–

0.99 (0.34, 2.85)

–

0.77 (0.24, 2.42)

–

  Formally employed

1.61 (0.52, 4.99)

–

3.32* (1.03, 10.71)

–

2.43 (0.70, 8.40)

–

  Unemployed

1.97*** (1.21, 3.22)

–

2.32*** (1.28, 4.23)

–

1.75* (0.95, 3.23)

–

 Living arrangement

  Family/Relative

–

–

Ref

–

Ref

–

  Friend/non-relative

–

–

0.58 (0.07, 4.72)

–

0.73 (0.09, 5.93)

–

  Alone

–

–

2.32** (1.10, 4.88)

–

2.56** (1.19, 5.50)

–

Psychosocial:

 Parental loss

 

–

 

–

 

–

  Both parents alive

Ref

–

Ref

–

Ref

–

  One parent alive

1.41 (0.81, 2.44)

–

2.03* (1.01, 4.08)

–

1.86* (0.90, 3.86)

–

  Both parents died

1.86** (1.07, 3.25)

–

2.88*** (1.44, 5.78)

–

2.34** (1.12, 4.85)

–

 Negative life events

  Noneb

0.16* (0.02, 1.22)

0.26 (0.03, 2.02)

1.00

–

1.00

–

  1–5 events

Ref

Ref

Ref

–

Ref

–

  6+ events

4.30*** (2.70, 6.84)

2.53*** (1.50, 4.26)

3.64*** (2.15, 6.18)

–

3.44*** (1.96, 6.05)

–

 Asset index

–

–

0.81** (0.68, 0.95)

–

0.76*** (0.63, 0.92)

–

 Social support

0.94*** (0.92, 0.96)

0.96*** (0.93, 0.98)

0.93*** (0.91, 0.96)

0.95*** (0.92, 0.98)

0.92*** (0.89, 0.95)

0.94*** (0.91, 0.97)

 Health-related quality of life

0.95*** (0.93, 0.96)

0.96*** (0.95, 0.98)

0.94*** (0.93, 0.96)

0.96*** (0.94, 0.97)

0.95*** (0.93, 0.96)

0.96*** (0.94, 0.98)

 Medication adherence

  High adherence

Ref

–

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Medium adherence

2.18*** (1.35, 3.52)

–

2.01** (1.14, 3.53)

1.58 (0.82, 3.04)

2.08** (1.15, 3.78)

1.76 (0.88, 3.52)

  Low adherence

3.83*** (1.85, 7.93)

–

6.32*** (2.97, 13.49)

2.97** (1.27, 6.95)

4.77*** (2.16, 10.51)

2.49** (1.02, 6.06)

 Perceived HIV-stigma

1.10*** (1.06, 1.13)

1.04** (1.01, 1.08)

1.13*** (1.09, 1.17)

1.09*** (1.04, 1.14)

1.12*** (1.07, 1.16)

1.07*** (1.02, 1.12)

Clinical:

 Body Mass Index

–

–

1.05* (0.99, 1.12)

–

–

–

 Viral load

  ≤ 1000 copies/mL

Ref

–

–

–

–

–

  > 1000 copies/mL

1.44* (0.92, 2.27)

–

–

–

–

–

 Duration on cART

  > 5 years

Ref

–

–

–

–

–

  1–5 years

1.07 (0.66, 1.75)

–

–

–

–

–

  6-11 months

1.54 (0.65, 3.65)

–

–

–

–

–

  < 6 months

2.28* (0.94, 5.53)

–

–

–

–

–

 cART side effects

  No

Ref

–

–

–

–

–

  Yes

1.75** (1.09, 2.78)

–

–

–

–

–

n for the final model

 

406

 

406

 

406

Variance explained

 

22.3%

 

26.2%

 

25.0%

Hosmer-Lemeshow test

 

X2 = 380.22; p-value = 0.73

 

X2 = 437.56; p-value = 0.08

 

X2 = 402.55; p-value = 0.43

cvMean AUC (95% CI)

 

0.78 (0.69, 0.81)

 

0.81 (0.77, 0.88)

 

0.81 (0.74, 0.86)

  1. Only a priori variables (age, sex), as well as those with p-value < 0.15 in the univariate analysis or multivariable p < 0.05 are presented here
  2. GAD Generalized anxiety disorder, CMD common mental disorder, OR odds ratio, aOR adjusted odds ratio, Ref reference group, cvMean AUC cross-validated mean area under the curve for the final multivariable model
  3. * - p value< 0.15, ** - p value < 0.05, *** - p value < 0.01
  4. a - co-occurrence of positive screen for depressive and anxiety symptoms
  5. b − for this category, no participant screened positive for anxiety or comorbidity symptoms, hence in the univariate analysis it predicted failure perfectly
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BMC Psychiatry

ISSN: 1471-244X

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