Prevalence and risk factors for seclusion and restraint in old-age psychiatry inpatient units

BMC Psychiatry

Table 2 IRR per geriatric psychiatric hospital stay per year with multiple imputations

	IRR	95% CI	p-value
Gender = male	3.13	[2.77, 3.77]	< 0.001
Age (year)	0.96	[0.96, 0.96]	< 0.001
Civil status
Single	1
Married living as a couple	1.62	[1.25, 1.90]	< 0.001
Separated/divorced	2.04	[1.63, 2.51]	< 0.001
Widowed	1.11	[0.81, 1.49]	0.50
Total no. of psychiatric hospitalizations	1.06	[1.06, 1.07]	< 0.001
Hospitalization decision
Outpatient center or private physician	1
Hospital physician	0.99	[0.77, 1.26]	0.96
Emergencies	2.82	[2.43, 3.44]	< 0.001
Other	0.54	[0.08, 1.56]	0.40
Main Diagnosis
Depressive disorders	1
Organic/neurologic disorders	1.30	[1.27, 1.34]	0.026
Substance use	0.46	[0.18, 0.53]	0.0037
Psychotic disorders	0.60	[0.33, 0.68]	0.0067
Bipolar disorders	1.01	[0.96, 1.75]	0.93
Anxious and behavioral disorders	0.49	[0.15, 0.53]	0.0099
Personality disorders	0.66	[0.64, 0.68]	0.011
Other	1.19	[0.63, 2.72]	0.63
Involuntary admission = yes	2.88	[2.25, 3.22]	< 0.001
Admission HoNOS	0.99	[0.99, 1.01]	0.20
Admission HoNOS item 1 (overactive, aggressive, disruptive or agitated behavior)	1.39	[1.23, 1.41]	< 0.001

Abbreviations: IRR Incidence Rate Ratio, CI Confidence Intervals, No. Number, HoNOS Health of the Nation Outcome Scales

ISSN: 1471-244X