|  |  | Psychological distress | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (std) or % | Â | Categorical distressa | Continuous score of distressa | |||||||||||
 |  | Model 1b | Model 2b | Model 1b | Model 2b | |||||||||
Covariates | Â | Â | OR | 95%CI | p | OR | 95%CI | p | Beta | 95%CI | p | Beta | 95%CI | p |
Exposure to COVID-19 (no., 0 to 8) | 0.94 (1.3) | Â | 1.17 | 1.14,1.20 | <.001 | 1.15 | 1.12,1.18 | <.001 | 0.17 | 0.14, 0.21 | <.001 | 0.14 | 0.11, 0.17 | <.001 |
Duration of lockdown (days, 1 to 21) | 5.2 (4.9) | Â | 1.03 | 1.02,1.04 | <.001 | 1.03 | 1.02,1.03 | <.001 | 0.09 | 0.08, 0.10 | <.001 | 0.09 | 0.08, 0.10 | <.001 |
Decrease in social activity (score, −13 to 17) | 3.8 (2.9) |  | 1.11 | 1.10,1.13 | <.001 | 1.10 | 1.08,1.11 | <.001 | 0.16 | 0.14, 0.17 | <.001 | 0.13 | 0.12, 0.15 | <.001 |
Social support (score, 3 to 14) | 9.1 (2.4) |  | 0.88 | 0.87,0.90 | <.001 | 0.87 | 0.85,0.88 | <.001 | −0.20 | −0.22,-0.18 | <.001 | −0.20 | − 0.22,-0.18 | <.001 |
Loneliness (score, 3 to 12) | 6.1 (2.7) | Â | 1.45 | 1.42,1.47 | <.001 | 1.46 | 1.44,1.49 | <.001 | 0.65 | 0.63, 0.67 | <.001 | 0.62 | 0.60, 0.64 | <.001 |
Change in occupational status (ref = no change): | ||||||||||||||
 Lost job | 1.3 |  | 5.24 | 3.57, 7.69 | <.001 | 4.55 | 3.08, 6.71 | <.001 | 1.53 | 1.20, 1.86 | <.001 | 1.26 | 0.93, 1.58 | <.001 |
 Stopped working | 14.0 |  | 1.08 | 0.95, 1.22 | 0.239 | 1.02 | 0.90, 1.16 | 0.775 | 0.41 | 0.26, 0.56 | <.001 | 0.29 | 0.14, 0.45 | <.001 |
 More teleworking | 47.7 |  | 1.35 | 1.23, 1.49 | <.001 | 1.00 | 0.90, 1.11 | 0.950 | 0.58 | 0.46, 0.70 | <.001 | 0.22 | 0.10, 0.35 | <.001 |
 More time in workplace | 4.2 |  | 0.71 | 0.59, 0.87 | <.001 | 0.54 | 0.44, 0.66 | <.001 | −0.42 | −0.66,-0.17 | <.001 | −0.73 | −0.97,-0.49 | <.001 |
 Other | 14.2 |  | 1.24 | 1.11, 1.39 | <.001 | 1.32 | 1.18, 1.49 | <.001 | 0.51 | 0.37, 0.65 | <.001 | 0.52 | 0.38, 0.66 | <.001 |
Income (ref = no change): | ||||||||||||||
 Increase | 0.5 |  | 0.43 | 0.26, 0.69 | <.001 | 0.43 | 0.26, 0.71 | <.001 | −1.01 | −1.49,-0.53 | <.001 | −1.08 | −1.55,-0.61 | <.001 |
 Decrease | 19.3 |  | 1.45 | 1.31, 1.60 | <.001 | 1.48 | 1.34, 1.64 | <.001 | 0.54 | 0.42, 0.67 | <.001 | 0.53 | 0.41, 0.66 | <.001 |
Workload (ref = no change): | ||||||||||||||
 Increase | 21.3 |  | 2.11 | 1.90, 2.33 | <.001 | 1.87 | 1.68, 2.08 | <.001 | 0.85 | 0.72, 0.98 | <.001 | 0.63 | 0.50, 0.76 | <.001 |
 Decrease | 40.6 |  | 1.69 | 1.54, 1.85 | <.001 | 1.43 | 1.30, 1.57 | <.001 | 0.63 | 0.52, 0.74 | <.001 | 0.37 | 0.26, 0.48 | <.001 |