The invisible scars of emotional abuse: a common and highly harmful form of childhood maltreatment

Gama, Camila Monteiro Fabricio; Portugal, Liana Catarina Lima; Gonçalves, Raquel Menezes; de Souza Junior, Sérgio; Vilete, Liliane Maria Pereira; Mendlowicz, Mauro Vitor; Figueira, Ivan; Volchan, Eliane; David, Isabel Antunes; de Oliveira, Leticia; Pereira, Mirtes Garcia

doi:10.1186/s12888-021-03134-0

BMC Psychiatry

Table 2 Percentage of single types and the overlap of types of childhood maltreatment in the original sample (n = 443)

From: The invisible scars of emotional abuse: a common and highly harmful form of childhood maltreatment

	Single Maltreatment (%)	Two Maltreatments	%	Three Maltreatments	%	Four Maltreatments	%
Emotional Abuse	12	+ Sexual Abuse	1.8	+ Sexual Abuse + Physical Abuse	1.1	+Sexual Abuse + Physical Abuse + Emotional Neglect	3.2
		+ Physical Abuse	4.7	+ Sexual Abuse + Emotional Neglect	3.6	+Sexual Abuse + Physical Abuse + Physical Neglect	0
		+ Emotional Neglect	9.5	+ Sexual Abuse + Physical Neglect	1.1	+Sexual Abuse + Emotional Neglect + Physical Neglect	1.4
		+ Physical Neglect	1.4	+ Physical Abuse + Emotional Neglect	5.6	+Physical Abuse + Emotional Neglect + Physical Neglect	5.6
				+ Physical Abuse + Physical Neglect	0.7
				+ Emotional Neglect + Physical Neglect	3.2
Sexual Abuse	2.5	+ Emotional Abuse	1.8	+ Emotional Abuse + Physical Abuse	1.1	+ Emotional Abuse + Physical Abuse + Emotional Neglect	3.2
		+ Physical Abuse	0.7	+ Emotional Abuse + Emotional Neglect	3.6	+ Emotional Abuse + Physical Abuse + Physical Neglect	0
		+ Emotional Neglect	0.5	+ Emotional Abuse + Physical Neglect	1.1	+ Emotional Abuse + Emotional Neglect + Physical Neglect	1.4
		+ Physical Neglect	0.7	+ Physical Abuse + Emotional Neglect	0.2	+ Physical Abuse + Emotional Neglect + Physical Neglect	0
				+ Physical Abuse + Physical Neglect	0
				+ Emotional Neglect + Physical Neglect	0.7
Physical Abuse	3.6	+ Emotional Abuse	4.7	+Emotional Abuse + Sexual Abuse	1.1	+ Emotional Abuse + Sexual Abuse + Emotional Neglect	3.2
		+ Sexual Abuse	0.7	+ Emotional Abuse + Emotional Neglect	5.6	+ Emotional Abuse + Sexual Abuse + Physical Neglect	0
		+ Emotional Neglect	0.2	+ Emotional Abuse + Physical Neglect	0.7	+ Emotional Abuse + Emotional Neglect + Physical Neglect	5.6
		+ Physical Neglect	0	+ Sexual Abuse + Emotional Neglect	0.2	+ Sexual Abuse + Emotional Neglect + Physical Neglect	0
				+ Sexual Abuse + Physical Neglect	0
				+ Emotional Neglect + Physical Neglect	0.2
Emotional Neglect	4.1	+ Emotional Abuse	9.5	+ Emotional Abuse + Sexual Abuse	3.6	+ Emotional Abuse + Sexual Abuse + Physical Abuse	0
		+ Sexual Abuse	0.5	+ Emotional Abuse + Physical Abuse	5.6	+ Emotional Abuse + Sexual Abuse + Emotional Neglect	1.4
		+ Physical Abuse	0.2	+ Emotional Abuse + Physical Neglect	3.2	+ Emotional Abuse + Physical Abuse + Emotional Neglect	5.6
		+ Physical Neglect	0.5	+ Sexual Abuse + Physical Abuse	0.2	+ Sexual Abuse + Physical Abuse + Emotional Neglect	0
				+ Sexual Abuse + Physical Neglect	0.7
				+ Physical Abuse + Physical Neglect	0.2
Physical Neglect	1.6	+ Emotional Abuse	1.4	+ Emotional Abuse + Sexual Abuse	1.1	+ Emotional Abuse + Sexual Abuse + Physical Abuse	0
		+ Sexual Abuse	0.7	+ Emotional Abuse + Physical Abuse	0.7	+ Emotional Abuse + Sexual Abuse + Emotional Neglect	1.4
		+ Physical Abuse	0	+ Emotional Abuse + Emotional Neglect	3.2	+ Emotional Abuse + Physical Abuse + Emotional Neglect	5.6
		+ Emotional Neglect	0.5	+ Sexual Abuse + Physical Abuse	0	+ Sexual Abuse + Physical Abuse + Emotional Neglect	0
				+ Sexual Abuse + Emotional Neglect	0.7
				+ Physical Abuse + Emotional Neglect	0.2
Five maltreatments	3.8
No maltreatment	26

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ISSN: 1471-244X

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