Table 1 Resilience Scale: item means, standard deviations, item-total correlation and factor loadings

I am determined. (10)

I seldom wonder what the point of it all is. (11)

I can get through difficult times because I have experienced difficulty before. (13)

I can be on my own if I have to. (5)

I usually take things in stride. (7)

I take things one day at a time. (12)

I feel that I can handle many things at a time. (9)

I am able to depend on myself more than anyone else. (3)

I have self-discipline. (14)

I feel proud that I have accomplished things in life. (6)

When I’m in a difficult situation, I can usually find my way out of it. (23)

When I make plans, I follow through with them. (1)

I usually manage one way or another. (2)

I have enough energy to do what I have to do. (24)

I keep interested in things. (15)

I can usually find something to laugh about. (16)

Keeping interested in things is important to me. (4)

My life has meaning. (21)

I am friends with myself. (8)

My belief in myself gets me through hard times. (17)

Sometimes I make myself do things whether I want to or not. (20)

I do not dwell on things that I can’t do anything about. (22)

It’s okay if there are people who don’t like me. (25)

I can usually look at a situation in a number of ways. (19)

In an emergency, I’m someone people can generally rely on. (18)

Eigenvalue

Variance explained (%)