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Table 3 Characteristics of informal caregivers at baseline and correlations with depressiveness

From: Predictors of the one-year-change in depressiveness in informal caregivers of community-dwelling people with dementia

 

t0

r (p)

N

n (%) / M (SD)

Depressiveness t0

Depressiveness t12

Depressiveness t12-t0

Informal caregivers

 Age a,b,c

165

61.8 (12.9)

.08 (.331)

.10 (.201)

−.19 (.017)

 Female a c

165

118 (71.5%)

−.20 (.010)

−.23 (.004)

−.05 (.567)

 Relation to PWD (partner) a,b

165

 

.05 (.513)

.14 (.067)

−.21 (.007)

  Child, relative, other

 

86 (52.1%)

   

  Partner

 

79 (47.9%)

   

 Same household as PWD

165

105 (63.6%)

−.03 (.747)

.16 (.042)

−.15 (.058)

 Highest school degree a

164

 

.05 (.554)

.16 (.037)

.13 (.098)

  No school degree

 

1 (0.6%)

   

  Volksschule (primary school)

 

34 (20.7%)

   

  Hauptschule (secondary school)

 

48 (29.3%)

   

  Mittlere Reife (secondary school certificate)

 

48 (29.3%)

   

  Fachhochschulreife (advanced technical college certificate)

 

11 (6.7%)

   

  Abitur (high school certificate)

 

22 (13.4%)

   

 Place of residence (rural)

166

 

−.21 (.008)

−.15 (.050)

.04 (.595)

  Urban

 

112 (67.5%)

   

  Rural

 

54 (32.5%)

   

 Social inclusion (LSNS) a

118

30.5 (9.9)

.22 (.017)

.29 (.001)

.09 (.316)

  ∆ Social inclusion (LSNS) a

114

−0.6 (8.3)

−.03 (.782)

.03 (.731)

.06 (.532)

 Care contribution (RUD) a

138

4.3 (1.11)

−.29 (.001)

−.19 (.024)

.06 (.486)

  ∆ Care contribution (RUD) a

121

0.2 (1.0)

.00 (.996)

.03 (.768)

.04 (.688)

 Caregiver burden (BSFC-s)

162

11.5 (7.9)

−.57 (< .001)

−.46 (< .001)

.07 (.388)

 Comorbidities (Charlson Comorbidity Index)

124

0.6 (1.0)

−.10 (.274)

−.12 (.203)

−.03 (.774)

 Depressiveness (WHO-5) c

166

51.2 (23.6)

.

.55 (< .001)

−.41 (< .001)

  1. PWD person/people with dementia. ∆ = change t12-t0. a = considered for the regression model according to Pearlin‘s stress process model. b variable congruent with Pearlin’s stress process model included in the regression model as predictor due to significant correlation. c variable added to the regression model as predictor due to methodological considerations. Correlation coefficients (r) used: Pearson for interval scale variables, Spearman for ordinal scale variables. Bold = significant on the level p < .05