Variables | Model-I | Model-II | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | p-value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p-value | |
Age (years) | ||||
60–69 | Ref. | |||
70–79 | 0.97(0.83,1.15) | 0.760 | ||
80+ | 1.03(0.80,1.31) | 0.828 | ||
Gender | ||||
Men | Ref. | |||
Women | 0.88(0.74,1.05) | 0.164 | ||
Religion | ||||
Hindu | Ref. | |||
Muslim | 1.20(0.91,1.58) | 0.197 | ||
Sikh | 0.92(0.55,1.53) | 0.737 | ||
Others | 0.96(0.68,1.37) | 0.833 | ||
Caste | ||||
Scheduled Caste | Ref. | |||
Scheduled Tribe | 0.87(0.64,1.16) | 0.343 | ||
Other Backward Class | 0.77(0.62,0.95) | 0.014 | ||
Others | 0.79(0.65,0.97) | 0.026 | ||
Place of residence | ||||
Rural | Ref. | |||
Urban | 0.97(0.83,1.13) | 0.675 | ||
Educational status | ||||
No education | Ref. | |||
Below 5 years | 0.77(0.64,0.93) | 0.005 | ||
6–10 years | 0.61(0.49,0.78) | 0.001 | ||
11+ years | 0.56(0.37,0.86) | 0.008 | ||
Marital status | ||||
Not in union | Ref. | |||
Currently in union | 1.05(0.88,1.25) | 0.587 | ||
Wealth | ||||
Poorest | Ref. | Ref. | ||
Poorer | 0.68(0.59,0.78) | 0.001 | 1.10(0.91,1.34) | 0.311 |
Middle | 0.40(0.34,0.46) | 0.001 | 0.87(0.69,1.09) | 0.229 |
Richer | 0.26(0.22,0.31) | 0.001 | 0.83(0.64,1.08) | 0.158 |
Richest | 0.15(0.12,0.18) | 0.001 | 0.60(0.43,0.83) | 0.002 |
Source of income | ||||
0 “No source” | Ref. | Ref. | ||
1 | 0.76(0.68,0.86) | 0.001 | 1.01(0.85,1.20) | 0.899 |
2+ | 0.54(0.44,0.68) | 0.001 | 0.84(0.62,1.13) | 0.246 |
Working status | ||||
No | Ref. | Ref. | ||
Yes | 0.73(0.63,0.85) | 0.001 | 0.98(0.79,1.21) | 0.825 |
Community involvement | ||||
No | Ref. | |||
Yes | 0.81(0.69,0.96) | 0.014 | ||
Living arrangement | ||||
Alone | Ref. | |||
With souse | 0.71(0.50,1.00) | 0.048 | ||
Others | 0.83(0.63,1.11) | 0.210 | ||
How important do you feel you are important to your family? | ||||
Important | Ref. | |||
Somewhat or not important | 1.81(1.56,2.09) | 0.001 | ||
Violence | ||||
No | Ref. | |||
Yes | 1.78(1.43,2.22) | 0.001 | ||
Multi-morbidity | ||||
0 “No morbidity” | Ref. | |||
1 | 1.22(1.03,1.45) | 0.024 | ||
2+ | 1.47(1.21,1.77) | 0.001 | ||
Disability | ||||
0 “No disability” | Ref. | |||
1 | 1.79(1.44,2.21) | 0.001 | ||
2+ | 3.49(2.82,4.32) | 0.001 | ||
ADL | ||||
High “6+ score” | Ref. | |||
Low “5 or less score” | 1.92(1.50,2.46) | 0.001 | ||
IADL | ||||
High “6+ score” | Ref. | |||
Low “5 or less score” | 1.38(1.18,1.62) | 0.001 | ||
Cognitive ability | ||||
High “scores 5+” | Ref. | |||
Low “scores of 4 or less” | 1.76(1.50,2.08) | 0.001 | ||
State | ||||
Kerala | Ref. | |||
Himachal Pradesh | 0.99(0.70,1.39) | 0.943 | ||
Punjab | 0.33(0.21,0.54) | 0.001 | ||
West Bengal | 1.34(1.01,1.78) | 0.045 | ||
Orissa | 2.27(1.69,3.04) | 0.001 | ||
Maharashtra | 1.42(1.07,1.87) | 0.015 | ||
Tamil Nadu | 6.03(4.47,8.13) | 0.001 |