Table 1 Study characteristics of included studies (n = 13)
Author | N | Age (Mean ± SD; Range) | % female | Country | Study sample and/or method of data collection | Language of scale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Barkmann et al. (2008) [11] | 2863 | Mean: NR Range: 7–17 | – | Germany | German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (random sampling) | German |
Cheng et al. (2012) [12] (Cheng et al., 2012) | 10,116 | Mean: NR Range: 12–18 | 51.1% | Taiwan | Project for Health of Adolescents in Southern Taiwan (random sampling) | Chinese |
Crockett et al. (2005) [13] | 10,691 | Mean: NR Range: 12–18 | 50.8% | USA | National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (subsample of Anglo-, Mexican-, Cuban- and Puerto Rican- Americans) | English |
Dardas et al. (2019) [14] | 3292 | Mean: 15.7 ± 1.1 Range: 13–17 | 53.6% | Jordan | Questionnaires administered in schools (type = NR) | Arabic |
Faulstich et al. (1986) [15] | 148 | Mean: 13.9 ± 2.3 Range: 8–17 | 22.0% | USA | Child and adolescent psychiatric inpatients in large southern US city | English |
Ghazali et al. (2016) [16] | 931 | Mean: 15 ± 1.5 Range: 13–17 | 62.2% | Malaysia | Questionnaires administered in schools (type = NR) | Malaysian |
Heo et al. (2018) [17] | 1884 | Mean: 14.8 ± NR Range: 13–16 | 33.5% | Republic of Korea | Questionnaires administered to middle schools | Korean |
Li et al. (2010) [18] | 313 | Mean: 9.9 ± NR Range: 8–12 | 48.6% | China | Questionnaires administered to primary schools | Chinese |
Motl et al. (2005) [19] | 2416 | Mean: 12.7 ± 0.4 Range: 10–14 | 51.8% | USA | TEENS Study (school-based, group randomized trial) | English |
Phillips et al. (2006) [20] | 3709 | Mean: 12.9 ± NR Range: 10–14 | 50.5% | USA | TEENS Study (school-based, group randomized trial) | English |
Roberts et al. (1990) [21] | 2160 | Mean: 16.2 ± NR Range: 14–18 | 55.4% | USA | Questionnaires administered to public and parochial high schools | English |
Skriner and Chu (2014) [22] | 881 | Mean: 12.5 ± 0.4 Range: 11–14 | 45.0% | USA | Questionnaires administered to suburban and urban middle schools | English |
Tatar et al. (2013) [23] | 583 | Mean: 12.2 ± 1.9 Range: 8–15 | 49.1% | Turkey | Questionnaires administered to primary schools | Turkish |