Table 2 Characteristics of UK Biobank participants using maximum available sample size
From: Sexual and physical abuse and depressive symptoms in the UK Biobank
Characteristic | All participants (N = 155,223) | Women (N = 87,490) | Men (N = 67,733) | Difference between sexes (T-test p-value) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Covariatesa | ||||
 Age (years) – mean (SD) | 64.8 (7.7) | 64.3 (7.7) | 65.4 (7.8) | < 0.001 |
 Ethnicity – no. White (%) | 150,295 (97.2) | 84,750 (97.1) | 65,545 (97.2) | 0.40 |
 Townsend deprivation index – mean (SD) | −1.7 (2.8) | − 1.7 (2.8) | − 1.8 (2.8) | < 0.001 |
 Body mass index (kg/m2) – mean (SD) | 26.8 (4.6) | 26.3 (4.9) | 27.3 (4.0) | < 0.001 |
 Lifetime depression – no. (%) | 8503 (20.3) | 5702 (24.5) | 2801 (15.1) | < 0.001 |
Exposureb | ||||
 Childhood sexual abuse – no. (%) | 13,612 (8.8) | 9673 (11.1) | 3939 (5.8) | < 0.001 |
 Childhood physical abuse – no. (%) | 12,573 (8.1) | 6964 (8.0) | 5609 (8.3) | 0.02 |
 Both types of abuse – no. (%) | 2678 (1.8) | 1946 (2.3) | 732 (1.1) | < 0.001 |
Outcomeb | ||||
 Current depressive symptoms score | ||||
  PHQ-9 0 to 27 – mean (SD) | 2.7 (3.7) | 3.0 (3.8) | 2.4 (3.5) | < 0.001 |
  PHQ-9 ≥ 10 – no. (%) | 8627 (5.7) | 5454 (6.4) | 3173 (4.8) | < 0.001 |
 Sleep disturbance – no. (%) | 23,364 (15.1) | 14,960 (17.1) | 8404 (12.4) | < 0.001 |
 Fatigue – no. (%) | 17,270 (11.1) | 10,638 (12.2) | 6632 (9.8) | < 0.001 |
 Change in appetite/weight – no. (%) | 8225 (5.3) | 5645 (6.5) | 2580 (3.8) | < 0.001 |
 Low self-esteem – no. (%) | 6616 (4.3) | 4156 (4.8) | 2460 (3.6) | < 0.001 |
 Anhedonia – no. (%) | 6074 (3.9) | 3445 (3.9) | 2629 (3.9) | 0.54 |
 Concentration difficulties – no. (%) | 5803 (3.7) | 3343 (3.8) | 2460 (3.6) | 0.05 |
 Low mood – no. (%) | 5362 (3.5) | 3263 (3.7) | 2099 (3.1) | < 0.001 |
 Psychomotor changes – no. (%) | 2176 (1.4) | 1244 (1.4) | 932 (1.4) | 0.44 |
 Suicidal behaviours – no. (%) | 1229 (0.8) | 678 (0.8) | 551 (0.8) | 0.41 |