Bidimensional structure and measurement equivalence of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9: sex-sensitive assessment of depressive symptoms in three representative German cohort studies

Table 4 Multi-group factor analyses for sex, cohort and sex*cohort based on the correlated two dimensions of the PHQ-9

	χ²	df	Δ χ 2	p	CFI	Δ CFI	RMSEA	Δ RMSEA
Multigroup analysis - sex
Configural	2126.215	52	–	<.001	0.949	–	0.064	–
Metric	2170.316	59	44.101	<.001	0.948	−0.001	0.061	−0.003
Scalar	2307.861	66	137.545	<.001	0.945	−0.003	0.059	−0.002
Strict	3111.314	75	803.453	<.001	0.925	−0.020	0.064	0.005
Multigroup analysis - cohorts
Configural	2149.418	78	–	<.001	0.950	–	0.064	–
Metric	2509.791	92	360.373	<.001	0.941	−0.009	0.064	0.000
Scalar	2899.773	106	389.982	<.001	0.932	−0.009	0.064	0.000
Strict	3974.251	124	1074.478	<.001	0.907	−0.025	0.069	0.005
Multigroup analysis - sexcohort*
Configural	2357.950	156	–	<.001	0.946	–	0.066	–
Metric	2822.798	191	464.848	<.001	0.935	−0.011	0.065	−0.001
Scalar	3358.508	226	535.710	<.001	0.923	−0.012	0.065	0.000
Strict	5612.387	271	2253.879	<.001	0.868	−0.055	0.078	0.013

Note: df degrees of freedom, CFI comparative-Fit Index, RMSEA root mean square error of approximation

ISSN: 1471-244X