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Table 4 Regression analyses by total HADS score with all examined variables

From: Prevalence and correlates of anxiety and depression in frontline healthcare workers treating people with COVID-19 in Bangladesh

Variables

Total HADS score

Mean

(SD)

β

SE

Gender

 Male

16.1

(6.8)

a

 

 Female

17.2

(6.6)

0.13***

0.43

Age

 Young (18-25 years)

17.0

(6.6)

a

 

 Adult (>25 years)

16.2

(6.8)

-0.02

0.52

Marital status

 Unmarried

16.7

(6.5)

a

 

 Married

16.4

(7.2)

-0.06

0.56

Residence

 Rural

16.0

(7.2)

a

 

 Urban

16.8

(6.6)

0.03

0.53

Self-reported health status

 Good

14.7

(6.0)

a

 

 Moderate

19.4

(6.4)

0.23***

0.46

 Poor

29.0

(6.7)

0.18***

1.79

Chronic diseases

 No

16.3

(6.6)

a

 

 Yes

19.3

(7.1)

0.04

0.74

Sleep status

 Less than normal

16.6

(6.4)

a

 

 Normal (7-9 hours)

16.5

(6.8)

-0.05

0.45

 More than normal

18.2

(9.8)

-0.02

1.18

Physical exercising

 Yes

14.6

(6.3)

a

 

 No

17.8

(6.7)

0.08**

0.44

Tobacco smoking

 No

16.4

(6.6)

a

 

 Yes

18.0

(7.4)

0.07*

0.64

Have you been infected with COVID-19 while at work?

 No

16.5

(6.7)

a

 

 Yes

18.0

(7.1)

-0.02

0.88

Have any of your colleagues been infected with COVID-19?

 No

15.8

(6.4)

a

 

 Yes

17.7

(7.0)

0.03

0.45

Do you feel adequately trained to conduct COVID-19-related treatment/PCR tests/provision of patient care?

 Yes

16.0

(6.2)

a

 

 No

17.0

(7.0)

-0.01

0.48

Have you experienced shortages of PPE /hand sanitizer/masks during the pandemic?

 No

15.8

(6.2)

a

 

 Yes

17.2

(7.0)

-0.04

0.45

Have you had regrets about your choice of profession because of the pandemic and related unexpected experiences?

 No

14.6

(6.0)

a

 

 Yes

19.0

(6.7)

0.16***

0.46

Are you frequently updating yourself with the latest research papers on COVID-19?

 Yes

16.0

(6.4)

a

 

 No

19.2

(7.3)

0.08**

0.52

Do you currently have to work overtime?

 No

16.5

(6.9)

a

 

 Yes

16.7

(6.6)

-0.03

0.46

Have you ever been discriminated against in your workplace (lab or hospital)?

 No

14.8

(6.1)

a

 

 Yes

19.5

(6.6)

0.21***

0.47

Have you been counseled regarding how to maintain your mental health in the current situation?

 Yes

14.7

(5.1)

a

 

 No

17.1

(7.0)

-0.01

0.62

Have you encountered social problems (e.g., neighbor neglect) due to working in a lab or hospital?

 No

15.6

(6.4)

a

 

 Yes

19.7

(6.8)

0.13***

0.51

  1. Note:
  2. SE Standard error
  3. β– Standardized regression coefficient
  4. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001
  5. a Reference category