Variables | Total HADS score | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | (SD) | β | SE | |
Gender | ||||
 Male | 16.1 | (6.8) | a |  |
 Female | 17.2 | (6.6) | 0.13*** | 0.43 |
Age | ||||
 Young (18-25 years) | 17.0 | (6.6) | a |  |
 Adult (>25 years) | 16.2 | (6.8) | -0.02 | 0.52 |
Marital status | ||||
 Unmarried | 16.7 | (6.5) | a |  |
 Married | 16.4 | (7.2) | -0.06 | 0.56 |
Residence | ||||
 Rural | 16.0 | (7.2) | a |  |
 Urban | 16.8 | (6.6) | 0.03 | 0.53 |
Self-reported health status | ||||
 Good | 14.7 | (6.0) | a |  |
 Moderate | 19.4 | (6.4) | 0.23*** | 0.46 |
 Poor | 29.0 | (6.7) | 0.18*** | 1.79 |
Chronic diseases | ||||
 No | 16.3 | (6.6) | a |  |
 Yes | 19.3 | (7.1) | 0.04 | 0.74 |
Sleep status | ||||
 Less than normal | 16.6 | (6.4) | a |  |
 Normal (7-9 hours) | 16.5 | (6.8) | -0.05 | 0.45 |
 More than normal | 18.2 | (9.8) | -0.02 | 1.18 |
Physical exercising | ||||
 Yes | 14.6 | (6.3) | a |  |
 No | 17.8 | (6.7) | 0.08** | 0.44 |
Tobacco smoking | ||||
 No | 16.4 | (6.6) | a |  |
 Yes | 18.0 | (7.4) | 0.07* | 0.64 |
Have you been infected with COVID-19 while at work? | ||||
 No | 16.5 | (6.7) | a |  |
 Yes | 18.0 | (7.1) | -0.02 | 0.88 |
Have any of your colleagues been infected with COVID-19? | ||||
 No | 15.8 | (6.4) | a |  |
 Yes | 17.7 | (7.0) | 0.03 | 0.45 |
Do you feel adequately trained to conduct COVID-19-related treatment/PCR tests/provision of patient care? | ||||
 Yes | 16.0 | (6.2) | a |  |
 No | 17.0 | (7.0) | -0.01 | 0.48 |
Have you experienced shortages of PPE /hand sanitizer/masks during the pandemic? | ||||
 No | 15.8 | (6.2) | a |  |
 Yes | 17.2 | (7.0) | -0.04 | 0.45 |
Have you had regrets about your choice of profession because of the pandemic and related unexpected experiences? | ||||
 No | 14.6 | (6.0) | a |  |
 Yes | 19.0 | (6.7) | 0.16*** | 0.46 |
Are you frequently updating yourself with the latest research papers on COVID-19? | ||||
 Yes | 16.0 | (6.4) | a |  |
 No | 19.2 | (7.3) | 0.08** | 0.52 |
Do you currently have to work overtime? | ||||
 No | 16.5 | (6.9) | a |  |
 Yes | 16.7 | (6.6) | -0.03 | 0.46 |
Have you ever been discriminated against in your workplace (lab or hospital)? | ||||
 No | 14.8 | (6.1) | a |  |
 Yes | 19.5 | (6.6) | 0.21*** | 0.47 |
Have you been counseled regarding how to maintain your mental health in the current situation? | ||||
 Yes | 14.7 | (5.1) | a |  |
 No | 17.1 | (7.0) | -0.01 | 0.62 |
Have you encountered social problems (e.g., neighbor neglect) due to working in a lab or hospital? | ||||
 No | 15.6 | (6.4) | a |  |
 Yes | 19.7 | (6.8) | 0.13*** | 0.51 |