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Table 2 Percentage of older adults with cognitive impairment by background characteristics among older adults in India

From: Association of self-perceived income sufficiency with cognitive impairment among older adults: a population-based study in India

Variables

Percentage

p < 0.05

Self-perceived income sufficiency

 

*

 Has income and fully sufficient

43.5

 

 Has income and partially sufficient

65.6

 

 Has income and not sufficient

71.1

 

 No income

63.8

 

Working status (last one year)

 

*

 Never worked

66.0

 

 Currently working

53.0

 

 Retired

32.8

 

Educational status

 

*

 No education

70.6

 

 Below 5 years

63.6

 

 6 to 10 years

40.8

 

 11+ years

31.0

 

Marital status

 

*

 Not in union

68.9

 

 Currently in union

54.2

 

Asset ownership

 

*

 No

71.6

 

 Yes

57.5

 

Age group (in years)

 

*

 60–69

53.1

 

 70–79

68.2

 

 80+

78.5

 

Sex

 

*

 Men

53.0

 

 Women

66.3

 

Co-residing with children

 

*

 No

57.8

 

 Yes

60.9

 

Self-rated health

 

*

 Good

48.9

 

 Poor

69.0

 

IADL

 

*

 High

49.6

 

 Low

68.0

 

ADL

 

*

 High

58.0

 

 Low

84.7

 

Subjective well-being

 

*

 High

54.7

 

 Low

74.6

 

Psychological health

 

*

 High

55.0

 

 Low

76.5

 

Wealth status

 

*

 Poorest

71.2

 

 Poorer

65.1

 

 Middle

60.1

 

 Richer

48.7

 

 Richest

48.7

 

Religion

 

*

 Hindu

59.6

 

 Muslims

67.1

 

 Sikh

56.1

 

 Others

64.0

 

Caste

 

*

 Scheduled Caste

66.2

 

 Scheduled Tribe

71.4

 

 Other Backward Class

56.5

 

 Others

58.3

 

Place of residence

 

*

 Rural

63.0

 

 Urban

51.6

 

State

 

*

 Himachal Pradesh

54.2

 

 Punjab

54.9

 

 West Bengal

81.9

 

 Orissa

69.3

 

 Maharashtra

55.0

 

 Kerala

66.3

 

 Tamil Nadu

40.7

 

Total

60.0

 
  1. *if p < 0.05; IADL: Instrumental activities of daily living; ADL: Activities of daily living