A longitudinal study of changes in smart phone addiction and depressive symptoms and potential risk factors among Chinese college students

Table 5 Linear regression model on depressive symptoms at T4

Variables	Block 1		Block 2		Block 3		Block 4
Variables	β	t	β	t	β	t	β	t
Quarantine	−.01	−.14	.00	.00	.00	−.04	−.02	−.32
Lockdown	.09	1.27	.00	−.01	−.04	−.71	−.05	−.78
Boredom	.31	4.55^***	.24	4.13^***	.19	2.95^**	.14	2.20^*
Emotional loneliness	.29	4.28^***	.25	4.18^***	.17	2.65^**	.13	2.09^*
Social loneliness	.20	2.87^**	.15	2.43^*	.14	2.42^*	.15	2.64^**
R²					.40		.42
Df					7/193		8/193
F					17.68^***		16.98^***

SPA Smart phone addiction; Block 1: simple analyses; Block 2: simple analyses adjusting for gender and depressive symptoms at T3; Block 3: multiple regression analysis with multiple independent variables (all the COVID-related factors and the level of depressive symptoms at T3) being included; Block 4: multiple regression analysis with multiple independent variables (all the COVID-related factors, the level of depressive symptoms at T3 and SPA at T4) being included; ^*p < .05; ^**p < .01; ^***p < .001

ISSN: 1471-244X