Table 2 Reported Prevalence and Duration of Prodromal Symptoms between Patients with BD-I and BD-II Prior to First Depressive Episode

N

%

N

%

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

 Extremely energetic/active

3

3.3

1

3.6

1.00 a

8.6

0.0

0.0

0.0

n.a.

 Overly cheerful, happy, on top of the world

3

3.3

0

0.0

1.00a

10.1

5.0

0.0

0.0

n.a.

 Racing thoughts

2

2.2

0

0.0

1.00 a

32.4

27.5

25.9

0.0

1.00

 Overly talkative

3

3.3

3

10.7

0.14 a

13.0

0.0

25.9

24.4

1.00

 Decreased need for sleep

2

2.2

2

7.1

0.23 a

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

n.a.

 Irritability or anger

11

12.0

6

21.4

0.22

11.7

9.1

5.4

3.1

0.14

 Overly self-confident

1

1.1

1

3.6

0.41

17.3

0.0

43.2

0.0

0.19

 Physical agitated

2

2.2

0

0.0

1.00a

10.8

10.3

4.3

0.0

0.062

 Increased sexual energy

0

0.0

1

3.6

0.23 a

4.3

0.0

43.2

0.0

n.a.

 Reckless or dangerous behaviors

0

0.0

0

0.0

n.a.

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

n.a.

 Risky sexual behavior

0

0.0

0

0.0

n.a.

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

n.a.

 Trouble concentrating

22

23.9

12

42.9

0.05

13.9

12.9

11.8

14.9

0.52

Mania Index total

29

31.5

16

57.1

0.014*

 Depressed mood

37

40.2

13

46.4

0.56

14.4

14.0

7.0

3.8

0.062

 Tiredness or lack of energy

24

26.1

10

35.7

0.32

12.3

10.2

6.7

3.0

0.11

 Reduction of enjoyment/ interest

28

30.4

9

32.1

0.90

15.4

16.7

7.9

6.6

0.21

 Trouble concentrating

22

23.9

12

42.9

0.05

13.9

12.9

11.8

14.9

0.52

 Insomnia

20

21.7

11

39.3

0.06

15.4

14.9

12.2

13.6

0.55

 Feeling of worthlessness or guilt

11

12.0

7

25.0

0.13^a

9.6

7.5

9.2

7.5

1.00

 Weight loss or decrease in appetite

8

8.7

5

17.9

0.18

17.3

16.2

5.6

3.3

0.016*

 Physically slowed down

6

6.5

5

17.9

0.13 ^a

9.2

9.1

4.3

0.0

0.36

 Thinking about suicide

6

6.5

3

10.7

0.43

8.0

8.1

10.8

3.1

0.15

 Sleeping too much

8

8.7

5

17.9

0.18

6.5

4.3

17.3

23.1

0.51

 Attempting suicide

3

3.3

2

7.1

0.33^a

4.3

0.0

4.3

0.0

1.00

 Weight gain or increasing in appetite

4

4.4

1

3.6

1.00 ^a

23.3

18.0

23.8

27.5

0.85

Depression Index Total

49

53.3

23

82.1

0.0063**

 Educational and occupational dysfunction

19

20.7

14

50.0

0.0023**

9.7

8.2

4.3

0.0

0.27

 Anxiety or nervousness

24

26.1

11

39.3

0.18

13.2

12.6

11.8

13.8

0.74

 Social Isolation

14

15.2

15

53.6

< 0.001***

4.3

0.0

0.0

0.0

n.a.

 Frequent mood swings/lability

10

10/9

5

17.9

0.34 a

14.4

15.4

6.5

4.6

0.054

 Difficulty making decisions

6

6.5

9

32.1

0.0012 **^a

11.5

9.9

11.0

12.6

0.88

 Obsessions and compulsions

5

5.4

5

17.9

0.05 ^a

6.9

3.9

21.6

14.5

0.023*

 Losing temper frequently or trouble controlling anger

9

9.8

2

7.1

1.00a

11.5

8.5

8.6

7.5

0.4962

 Day/night sleep reversal

3

3.3

2

7.1

0.33a

13.7

15.3

25.9

24.1

0.3452

 Self-injurious behavior (no intent to kill self)

3

3.3

2

7.1

0.33

8.6

6.1

5.8

2.5

0.5541

 Oppositionality

0

0.0

3

10.7

0.012 ^a

5.8

2.5

4.3

0.0

 Giddy, clownish

2

2.2

1

3.6

0.55 ^a

0.0

0.0

19.4

21.4

n.a.

 Increased creativity

3

3.3

1

3.6

1.00 ^a

4.3

0.0

8.6

0.0

n.a.

 General Index Total

39

42.4

22

78.6

0.0008***

 Suspiciousness/persecutory ideas

3

3.3

5

17.9

0.017*

4.3

0.0

7.6

6.5

n.a.

 Strange or unusual ideas

5

5.4

1

3.6

1.00 ^a

30.3

30.6

23.8

27.5

 Difficulty thinking or communicating clearly

17

18.5

7

25.0

0.45

10.9

8.6

5.9

4.0

 Hallucinations

3

3.3

0

0.0

1.00^a

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

n.a.

 Psychosis Index Total

21

22.8

11

39.3

0.085

 BPSS-R Total

50

54.4

24

85.7

0.0028