Table 4 Multivariable linear regression analysis of depressive symptoms performed by points scored on the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15)

Input model

Standardized coefficient β

Unstandardized coefficient B (95% Confidence Interval)

p

R²

 (Constant)

7.629 (5.192 to 10.067)

<  0.001

0.209

 Institutionalized

−0.175

− 0.923 (− 1.639 to − 0.207)

0.012

 Female

−0.175

− 0.764 (− 1.364 to − 0.165)

0.013

 Age

0.013

0.003 (− 0.027 to 0.034)

0.839

 Loneliness

0.286

1.290 (0.672 to 1.908)

<  0.001

 PSQI

0.235

0.137 (0.062 to 0.212)

<  0.001

 Smoker

0.104

0.573 (−0.127 to 1.272)

0.108

 Alcohol consumption

−0.025

− 0.186 (−1.095 to 0.724)

0.688

 Comorbidity

−0.02

− 0.096 (− 0.72 to 0.527)

0.761

 Married and stable union marital status

−0.086

− 0.385 (− 0.996 to 0.226)

0.216

Conflicts

0.004

0.023 (− 0.723 to 0.770)

0.951

 (Constant)

7.613 (6.951 to 8.274)

< 0.001

0.190

 Institutionalized

−0.145

−0.765 (−1.449 to − 0.081)

0.029

 Female

−0.159

− 0.692 (− 1.254 to − 0.129)

0.016

 Loneliness

0.311

1.403 (0.823 to 1.983)

<  0.001

 PSQI

0.24

0.140 (0.067 to 0.213)

< 0.001