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Table 1 Characteristics of callers in the COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 groups

From: Suicide attempt risks among hotline callers with and without the coronavirus disease 2019 related psychological distress: a case-control study

Variables

COVID-19 Group (N = 1252)

Non-COVID-19 Group (N = 6085)

χ2

P value

n

%

n

%

  

Recent suicide attempt

73

5.8%

498

8.2%

8.01

0.005

Female

822

65.7%

4101

67.4%

1.46

0.227

Marital Status

    

105.66

< 0.001

 Unmarried

915

73.1%

5148

84.6%

  

 Married

260

20.8%

670

11.0%

  

 Cohabit

76

6.1%

238

3.9%

  

Work status

    

62.37

< 0.001

 Employed

507

40.5%

1979

32.5%

  

 Student

472

37.7%

3013

49.5%

  

 Unemployed

269

21.5%

1024

16.8%

  

Education level

    

108.25

< 0.001

 Primary school

87

6.9%

623

10.2%

  

 Middle school

443

35.4%

2901

47.7%

  

 College or university

702

56.1%

2435

40.0%

  

Depressive symptom score

    

19.80

< 0.001

 Mild

382

30.5%

1508

24.8%

  

 Moderate

299

23.9%

1484

24.4%

  

 Severe

283

22.6%

1598

26.3%

  

Psychological distress score

    

34.57

< 0.001

 Mild

411

36.7%

1653

30.2%

  

 Moderate

490

43.8%

2327

42.5%

  

 Severe

218

19.5%

1491

27.3%

  

Hopefulness score

    

34.81

< 0.001

 Hopeless

164

15.5%

1161

22.1%

  

 Moderate

400

37.9%

2099

39.9%

  

 High

491

46.5%

2001

38.0%

  

Substance misuse

81

6.5%

399

6.6%

1.33

0.513

Chronic life events

632

50.5%

3148

51.7%

5.52

0.063

Acute life events

495

39.5%

2404

39.5%

2.38

0.304

Being abused

134

10.7%

833

13.7%

12.60

0.002

Fear of being attacked

144

11.5%

928

15.3%

17.84

< 0.001

History of suicide attempts

263

21.0%

1550

25.5%

16.13

< 0.001

Physical illness

94

7.5%

426

7.0%

1.62

0.444

Relatives’ suicidal acts history

406

32.4%

2051

33.7%

4.95

0.084

  1. Because of data missing, in most variables, percentages don’t total 100%