Table 1 Baseline characteristics of young people in residential substance use disorder treatment receiving dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT): Cohort A (2008–2009) versus Cohort B (2018–2020) groups
Characteristic | Cohort B (n = 100) | Cohort A (n = 102) | p | d |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (M, SD) | 20.6 (2.0) | 19.5 (2.2) | <.001*** | 0.52 |
Gender (n, % male) | 74 (74.0) | 71 (69.6) | .49 | Â |
Education (completed school years; M, SD) | 10.5 (1.1) | 9.7 (1.2) | <.001*** | 0.69 |
 Completed further study (n, %) | 19 (19.0) |  |  |  |
  Technical/Trade Certificate | 18 (18.0) |  |  |  |
  Bachelor-level College | 1 (1.0) |  |  |  |
Employment status (n, %) | ||||
 Unemployed | 66 (66.0) |  |  |  |
 Full- or part-time employment | 26 (26.0) |  |  |  |
 Receiving pension or allowance | 8 (8.0) |  |  |  |
Accommodation (n, %) | ||||
 (Residing with) rental tenant/home owner | 80 (80.0) |  |  |  |
 Homeless | 13 (13.0) |  |  |  |
 Inpatient, forensic setting, hostel, other | 7 (7.0) |  |  |  |
Relationship status (n, % single) | 78 (78.0) | Â | Â | Â |
Primary problematic substance (n, %)a | ||||
 Cannabis | 38 (38.8) |  |  |  |
 Amphetamine-type stimulants | 31 (31.6) |  |  |  |
 Alcohol | 15 (15.3) |  |  |  |
 Cocaine | 4 (4.1) |  |  |  |
 Sedatives | 4 (4.1) |  |  |  |
 Heroin | 3 (3.1) |  |  |  |
 Hallucinogens | 1 (1.0) |  |  |  |
 Steroids | 1 (1.0) |  |  |  |
 Nicotine | 1 (1.0) |  |  |  |
Injected during last 3 months (n, %)b | 5 (6.8) |  |  |  |
Overdosed (any drug) last 3 months (n, %)b | 21 (28.4) |  |  |  |
Arrested in the last 3 months (n, %)b | 13 (17.6) |  |  |  |
Brief Symptom Inventory (M, SD)c | ||||
 Global Severity Index | 67.9 (11.9) | 63.7 (11.7) | .020* | 0.36 |
 Positive Symptoms Distress Index | 64.2 (9.3) | 61.6 (10.4) | .09 |  |
 Positive Symptoms Total | 65.4 (9.9) | 61.8 (11.5) | .027* | 0.34 |
 Somatisation | 62.2 (11.7) | 59.3 (12.2) | .11 |  |
 Obsessive Compulsive | 68.3 (10.0) | 65.1 (10.5) | .044* | 0.31 |
 Interpersonal Sensitivity | 62.8 (13.0) | 56.7 (12.9) | .002** | 0.47 |
 Depression | 65.9 (11.3) | 62.6 (11.6) | .06 |  |
 Anxiety | 66.4 (11.7) | 61.7 (12.3) | .010* | 0.39 |
 Hostility | 59.9 (11.1) | 58.6 (12.3) | .49 |  |
 Phobic Anxiety | 63.8 (10.7) | 57.2 (12.1) | <.001*** | 0.58 |
 Paranoid Ideation | 63.4 (11.8) | 59.2 (12.1) | .022* | 0.35 |
 Psychoticism | 69.1 (10.7) | 63.7 (11.9) | .002** | 0.48 |
Brief Situational Confidence Questionnaire (M, SD)d | 45.02 (24.8) | 45.8 (23.5) | .832 | Â |