Author/country/year | Sample type | Adherence to the interventions | N dropout(%) | Age (years,mean) | Intervention design | Control group | Treatment(T) & follow up(F) | Outcome (mean,SD) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Andersson, G.et al./Sweden/2005 [28] | Major depression (for the full CIDI) + mild-to-moderate depression (MADRS–S) | 36/57 (63.16%) | 117/32 (27.35%) | I:36.4 (11.5) C:36.3 (9.9) | The cognitive–behavioural self-help treatment: study on the website + the therapist gave an e-mail feedback + the discussion groups | A web-based discussion group | T:10w F:6 m | BDI: I: 12.2 (6.8) C: 19.5 (8.1) |
Berger, T.et al./ Switzerland and Germany/2011 [29] | Moderate to severe depression (BDI-II) | 25/25 (100%) | 51/4 (7.84%) | 38.8 (14.0) | The web-based self-help program (Deprexis) + scheduled e-mail contact with a therapist | Waiting list | T:10w F:6 m | BDI-II: I: 17.3 (10.2) C: 28.5 (9.4) |
Boele, F. W.et al./Netherlands/2018 [21] | At least mild depressive symptoms (CES-D) | 19/45 (42.22%) | 89/36 (40.45%) | I:43.58 (11.69) C:46.43 (12.28) | Online guided self-help course | Waiting list | T:6w F:12 m | CES-D: I:18.84 (6.4) C:23.09 (7.1) |
Bolier, L.et al./Netherlands/2013 [30] | mild to moderate depressive symptoms (CES-D) | 95/143 (66.43%) | 284/70 (24.65%) | 43.2 (11.8) | An online self-help intervention (Psyfit): psycho-education + practical exercise | Waiting list | T:2 m F:6 m | CES-D: I:13.67 (6.69) C:15.39 (7.64) |
Bücker, L.et al./Germany/2019 [31] | Self-reported depressive symptoms | 47/64 (73.44%) | 127/24 (18.90%) | I:44.02 (10.90) C:48.02 (10.95) | An internet-based self-help program (MOOD) | Care as usual (CAU) | T:6w | BDI-II: I:20.36 (14.70) C:18.68 (12.79) |
Ebert, D. D.et al./Germany/2017 [16] | at least moderate symptoms of depression (CES-D) | 129/130 (99.23%) | 260/4 (0.02%) | 50.8 (11.8) | A guided Internet-based self-help intervention (GET.ON Mood Enhancer Diabetes) | Treatment as usual + online psychoeducation about depression | T:2 m F:6 m | CES-D: I:21.1 (8.8) C:28.9 (8.7) |
Eysenbach, Gunther et al./ Netherlands/2014 | depressive symptoms (CES-D) | 75/116 (64.66%) | 231/60 (25.97%) | 43.4 (9.2) | A worker-directed, Web-based, guided self-help intervention (Happy@Work) | Care as usual (CAU) | T:2 m F:12 m | CES-D: I:15.8 (10.6) C:18.3 (9.1) |
Johansson, R.et al./Sweden/2012 [15] | Mild, moderate, and major depression (MADRS-S) + major depressive disorder (DSM-IV) | 42/46 (91.30%) | 92/4 (4.35%) | 45.6 (14.0) | A guided self-help psychodynamic treatment (SUBGAP) + online support from a therapist | Non-directive online supportive treatment | T:10w F:10 m | BDI-II: I:11.48 (7.8) C:20.22 (7.8) |
Kenter, Robin Maria Francisca et al./Netherlands/2016 [23] | major depressive disorder (DSM-IV) | 94/136 (69.12%) | 269/85 (31.60%) | 38.0 (11.4) | An Internet intervention on problem solving therapy | A self-help book format without any form of guidance. | T:8w F:N | CES-D:I:27.0 (15.1) C:25.9 (14.9) |
Merry, S. N.et al./ New Zealand/2012 [32] | Moderate to severe depression (PHQ-9) | 85/94 (90.43%) | 187/17 (9.09%) | I:15.55 (1.54) C:15.58 (1.66) | An interactive fantasy game (SPARX) | Treatment as usual | T:2 m F:3 m | CDRS-R: I:33.92 (11.19) C:35.07 (9.71) |
Moritz, S./Germany/2012 [17] | depressive symptoms (BDI) | 82/105 (78.10%) | 210/40 (19.05%) | I:38.00 (10.76) C:39.13 (15.82) | An online self-help program for depression (Deprexis) | Waiting list | T:8w F:N | BDI: :20.51 (12.22) C:25.67 (11.65) |
Reins, J. A.et al./Germany/2019 [18] | major depressive disorder (DSM-IV) | 54/65 (83.08%) | 131/22 (16.80%) | 41.6 (10.8) | A guided internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy (GET.ON Mood Enhancer) | Online Psychoeducation on Depression | T:6w F:3 m | HRSD: :13.75 (7.52) C:16.47 (9.45) |
Roepke, A. M.et al./the United States/2015 [33] | clinically significant depression (CES-D) | 20/93 (21.51%) | 186/130 (69.89%) | I:42.28 (12.56) C:40.27 (13.06) | An innovative smartphone and Internet-based game (SuperBetter) | Waiting list | T:4w F:6w | CES-D: I:23.55 (13.73) C:27.36 (10.63) |
Sander, L. B.et al./Germany/2020 [34] | Mild, moderate, and major depression (PHQ-9) | 102/149 (68.46%) | 295/71 (24.07%) | 52.8 (7.7) | A guided, web-based self-help intervention (eSano BackCare-DP) + automated motivational text messages + e-coaches give written feedback to answering queries. | Treatment as usual | T:9w F:12 m | HAM-D score: I: 5.63 (3.88) C: 7.24 (5.38) |
van Luenen, S. et al./Netherlands/2018 [35] | mild to moderate depressive symptoms (PHQ-9) | 75/97 (77.32%) | 188/36 (19.15%) | 46.30 (10.63) | An internet-based self-help intervention consisted of cognitive behavioural therapy | Waiting list | T:10w F:6 m | PHQ-9: I:6.73 (3.00) C:8.60 (3.12) |
Vernmark, K. et al./Sweden/2010 [36] | mild to moderate depressive (MADRS-S) + major depression (DSM-IV) | 24/27 (88.89%) | 56/7 (12.50%) | 36.82 (12.9) | An Internet guided self-help depression program: weekly modules + homework assignments | Waiting list | T:8w F:6 m | BDI: I: 12.3 (7.3) C: 16.6 (7.9) |
Wilson, M.et al./the United States/2018 [37] | at least moderate depressive symptoms (PHQ-9) | 22/27 (81.48%) | 53/6 (11.32%) | I:45.7 (12.8) C:47.5 (12.9) | An internet-based, self-directed program for depressive symptoms: Videos + interactive activities + homework exercises | Treatment as usual | T:4w F:8w | PHQ-8: I:18.40 (5.28) C:20.74 (5.66) |
Zwerenz, R.et al./Germany/2019 [38] | at least moderate depressive symptoms (BDI-II) + a clinical diagnosis of depression (ICD-10) | 101/115 (87.83%) | 229/31 (13.54%) | 48 (9.79) | A Web-based self-help program (Deprexis) + multimodal inpatient psychodynamic psychotherapy | An internet platform provides basic information about depression | T:12w F:6 m | BDI-II: I:18.52 (10.78) C:24.75 (10.74) |