Increased occurrence of PTSD symptoms in adolescents with major depressive disorder soon after the start of the COVID-19 outbreak in China: a cross-sectional survey

Table 1 Demographic characteristics of adolescents with or without major depressive disorder, stratified by sex and school grade

Characteristic	Total				Stratified by sex						Stratified by school grade
					Male (n = 43)		Female (n = 154)				Junior (n = 105)		Senior (n = 92)
	MDD^a	Control			MDD	Control	MDD	Control			MDD	Control	MDD	Control
	(n = 90)	(n = 107)	z/x²	p	(n = 18)	(n = 25)	(n = 72)	(n = 82)	H/t/x²	p	(n = 47)	(n = 58)	(n = 43)	(n = 49)	H/t/x²	p
Median age (years)	15	15	−0.69	0.491	15.00	15.00	15.00	15.00	0.61	0.894	14.00	14.00	16.00	17.00	137.75	<0.001
Baseline BDI^b score	35.81 ± 11.79	NA			33.33 ± 9.11	NA	36.43 ± 12.35	NA	−1.00	0.322	37.65 ± 12.79	NA	33.80 ± 10.38	NA	1.56	0.123
Sex (Male/Female)	18/72	25/82	0.32	0.569							10/37	15/43	8/35	10/39	0.881	0.830
Grade (Junior/Senior)	47/43	58/49	0.08	0.781	10/8	15/10	37/35	43/39	0.62	0.892	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Family structure			12.28	0.006						0.075						0.093
Single parent	13	8			1	2	12	6			6	4	7	4
Two parents	34	36			6	10	28	26			17	18	17	18
Multi-generational	19	46			5	10	14	36			9	25	10	21
Other	24	17			6	3	18	14			15	11	9	6
Occupation of parents				0.035						0.087						0.412
Medical staff	2	1			0	1	2	0			1	1	1	0
Police	1	1			0	0	1	1			0	1	1	0
Civil servant	8	5			0	0	8	5			4	4	4	1
Teacher	9	3			1	1	8	2			3	1	6	2
Freelancer	14	20			6	6	8	14			7	11	7	9
Farmer	1	9			0	3	1	6			0	4	1	5
Researcher	2	0			1	0	1	0			2	0	0	0
Worker	17	24			2	6	15	18			8	12	9	12
Self-employed	19	31			5	7	14	24			12	17	7	14
Others	17	13			3	1	14	12			10	7	7	6
Respondent has family members who are
Infected (Yes/No)	0/90	4/103		0.127	0/18	0/25	0/72	4/78		0.249	0/47	2/56	0/43	2/47		0.342
Frontline health worker (Yes/No)	3/87	3/104		1.000	0/18	0/25	3/69	3/79		0.925	2/45	1/57	1/42	2/47		0.852

ISSN: 1471-244X