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Table 3 Differences in autism symptoms in ASD children with and without common sleep problems

From: Sleep problems in children with autism spectrum disorder: a multicenter survey

Item

Bedtime Resistance,Mean ± SD/ Median (IQR)

Z/t

P

Sleep Anxiety, Mean ± SD/ Median (IQR)

Z/t

P

Sleep Onset Delay,Mean ± SD/ Median (IQR)

Z/t

P

Daytime sleepiness, Mean ± SD/ Median (IQR)

Z/t

P

 

(−)

(+)

(−)

(+)

(−)

(+)

(−)

(+)

ABC

 Sensory stimuli

7 (3–11)

8 (3–12)

−1.632

0.103

7 (3–11)

9 (4–12)

−3.541

<0.001

7 (3–11)

8 (4.75–13)

−3.551

<0.001

7 (3–11)

8.5 (5.25–13)

−3.868

<0.001

 Sensorial relating

12.97 ± 7.76

12.74 ± 7.77

0.446

0.655

12.59 ± 7.7

13.89 ± 7.88

−2.425

0.015

12.41 ± 7.67

15.23 ± 7.76

−4.726

<0.001

12.5 ± 7.78

15.13 ± 7.26

−4.162

<0.001

 Body and object use

7 (3–12)

7 (3–12)

−0.858

0.391

6 (2–12)

8 (4–13)

−3.316

0.001

6 (3–12)

9 (3–14)

−4.206

<0.001

7 (3–12)

7 (3–13)

−1.328

0.184

 Language

11 (6–17)

10 (5–15)

−2.553

0.011

11 (5–16)

11 (5–18)

−1.302

0.193

11 (5–16)

12 (6–19)

−2.166

0.030

11 (5–16)

13 (6–19)

−2

0.046

 Social self-help

10.74 ± 5.23

10.56 ± 5.15

0.52

0.603

10.46 ± 5.19

11.42 ± 5.18

−2.675

0.008

10.44 ± 5.21

11.84 ± 5

−3.472

0.001

10.51 ± 5.23

11.69 ± 4.93

−2.793

0.005

 Total score

49 (35–66)

49 (33–66)

−0.377

0.706

47.5 (34–64)

54 (38–71)

−3.455

0.001

46 (33–65)

57 (42–75)

−5.453

<0.001

49.74 ± 23.56

56.92 ± 24.31

−3.842

<0.001

SRS

 Social awareness

11.24 ± 3.31

11.9 ± 3.47

−2.836

0.005

11.18 ± 3.28

12.15 ± 3.52

−4.083

<0.001

11.14 ± 3.32

12.63 ± 3.27

−5.812

<0.001

11.19 ± 3.31

12.49 ± 3.4

−4.817

<0.001

 Social cognition

17.85 ± 4.83

18.56 ± 4.26

−2.317

0.021

17.68 ± 4.71

19.19 ± 4.53

−4.570

<0.001

17.82 ± 4.71

18.99 ± 4.57

−3.216

0.001

17.78 ± 4.75

19.33 ± 4.26

−4.112

<0.001

 Social communication

31.92 ± 9.15

33.73 ± 9.2

−2.838

0.005

31.68 ± 9.1

34.68 ± 9.12

−4.647

<0.001

31.79 ± 9.14

35 ± 8.96

−4.560

<0.001

31.78 ± 9.22

35.41 ± 8.41

−4.949

<0.001

 Social motivation

15 (11–19)

15 (11–19)

−0.748

0.454

14 (11–18)

16 (12–20)

−3.495

<0.001

14.92 ± 5.12

16.09 ± 5.04

−2.976

0.003

14.86 ± 5.09

16.52 ± 5.09

−4.041

<0.001

 Autistic mannerisms

13 (9–17)

13 (9–18)

−0.3

0.764

12 (8.5–17)

14 (10–19)

−4.548

<0.001

13 (9–17)

14.5 (10–19)

−3.888

<0.001

12 (9–17)

15 (11–19)

−4.55

<0.001

 Total score

89.35 ± 23.74

92.95 ± 23.39

−2.198

0.028

88.22 ± 23.18

97.1 ± 24.22

−5.369

<0.001

88.61 ± 23.59

97.72 ± 22.79

−5.014

<0.001

88.57 ± 23.6

98.95 ± 22.31

−5.488

<0.001

CARS

 Total score

33 (28–38)

31 (27–36)

−3.084

0.002

32.91 ± 7.04

33.21 ± 7.07

−0.589

0.556

32.5 (28–37)

33 (29–38)

−1.719

0.086

32.79 ± 6.94

34.25 ± 7.64

−2.322

0.02

Communication warning behavior

 Total score

42.34 ± 22.36

42.61 ± 21.08

−0.164

0.869

41 (24–58)

46 (32–61)

−2.386

0.017

42 (24–58)

45.5 (28.5–62.75)

−1.834

0.067

42 (24–58)

45.5 (31–63.25)

−1.714

0.087