Table 2 Correlates associated with transitions across alcohol use stages [OR (95%CI)]

First drinking/regular drinking

Early

2.11 (1.66–2.67)*

1.35 (0.77–2.34)

0.94 (0.54–1.64)

Late

Ref

Ref

Ref

Gender

Female

Ref

Ref

Ref

Male

3.13 (2.49–3.95)*

18.57 (5.80–59.48)*

9.18 (2.80–30.09)*

Age at interview

18–34

Ref

Ref

Ref

35–49

0.78 (0.57–1.06)

0.50 (0.21–1.18)

0.42 (0.18–0.99)*

50–64

0.86 (0.63–1.17)

0.37 (0.15–0.92)*

0.27 (0.11–0.66)*

≥65

0.69 (0.46–1.03)

0.07 (0.02–0.26)*

0.06 (0.02–0.25)*

Marital status

Unmarried

Ref

Ref

Ref

Married/cohabiting

0.96 (0.71–1.31)

1.51 (0.58–3.94)

1.50 (0.56–4.03)

Educational level

None

Ref

Ref

Ref

Primary

1.16 (0.82–1.63)

1.27 (0.51–3.16)

1.19 (0.45–3.19)

Junior high school

1.19 (0.83–1.71)

1.66 (0.65–4.22)

1.57 (0.57–4.31)

Senior high school and more

1.30 (0.88–1.90)

1.40 (0.51–3.81)

1.39 (0.48–4.08)

Mental problem preceding the first drink

Yes

1.20 (0.90–1.61)

1.73 (0.92–3.28)

1.50 (0.79–2.86)

No

Ref

Ref

Ref

Dysfunctional family

Yes

1.14 (0.85–1.53)

1.72 (0.96–3.07)

1.52 (0.84–2.75)

No

Ref

Ref

Ref

Poverty

Yes

2.49 (1.05–5.91)*

1.01 (0.13–7.92)

0.68 (0.09–5.33)

No

Ref

Ref

Ref

Domestic Violence

Yes

1.71 (1.14–2.58)*

3.05 (1.50–6.20)*

2.24 (1.08–4.64)*

No

Ref

Ref

Ref

Neglect or lack of childhood support

Yes

0.77 (0.52–1.13)

0.62 (0.28–1.37)

0.84 (0.37–1.88)

No

Ref

Ref

Ref